Impela sekukaningi ubona ukuthi uma kunesiphepho into yokuqala ukuthi kube khona ukukhanya okungumbani bese umsindo ufika. Lokhu kungenxa ye- Ijubane lomsindo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi yiliphi ijubane elikhulu umsindo ongasakazeka ngalo emoyeni. Ku-physics lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngejubane lomsindo nokuthi usakazeka kanjani.
Ijubane lomsindo
Isivinini sokusakazwa kwegagasi lomsindo sincike ezicini zendlela esakazwa ngayo, hhayi kuzici zomsakazo noma amandla awukhiqizayo. Lokhu kushesha kokusakazwa kwamagagasi omsindo kubizwa nangokuthi ijubane lomsindo. izinga lokushisa lingu-20ºC, okungamamitha angama-343 ngomzuzwana.
Ijubane lomsindo liyahlukahluka nangendlela yokusabalalisa futhi nendlela esakazeka ngayo phakathi nendawo kusiza ukuqonda kangcono izici ezithile zendlela yokudlulisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa kwendawo yokusabalalisa lishintsha, ijubane lomsindo nalo lizoshintsha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekwandeni kokuvama kokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezithwala ukudlidliza, okuhumushela ekwandeni kwejubane legagasi.
Ngokuvamile, ijubane lomsindo ezintweni eziqinile liphakeme kuneleziphuzo futhi ijubane lomsindo kuziphuzo liphezulu kunegesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma into iqina ngokwengeziwe, kukhula nezinga lokuhlangana kwamabhondi e-athomu, athanda ukusakazeka kwamagagasi omsindo.
Ijubane lokusakazwa komsindo lincike kakhulu ebubanzini besisetshenziswa esisabalalisa. Ukunwebeka kubhekisa emandleni okubuyisa ukwakheka kwawo koqobo.
Kuyini umsindo
Umsindo uyigagasi lengcindezi elingasakazeka emoyeni ngokucindezela nokudangala. Umsindo esiwubona usizungezile awudluli nje kuphela amandla akhiqizwa ukudlidliza okusakazeka emoyeni noma kunoma iyiphi enye indlela, engatholwa futhi izwakale lapho ifinyelela endlebeni yomuntu. Siyazi ukuthi umsindo uhamba ngesimo samaza.
Amagagasi angukuphazamiseka kokudlidliza phakathi, okudlulisa amandla kusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuya kwelinye ngaphandle kokuxhumana ngqo phakathi kwala maphuzu amabili. Singasho ukuthi igagasi likhiqizwa ukudlidlizela kwezinhlayiya zendlela edlula ngayo, okungukuthi, inqubo yokusabalalisa ehambelana nokufuduka kwe-longitudinal (ohlangothini lokusakazwa) kwama-molecule omoya. Indawo enokufuduswa okukhulu ivela endaweni lapho i-amplitude yenguquko yengcindezi ingu-zero futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Umsindo kusipikha
Umoya oyipayipi enesipikha ngakolunye uhlangothi bese uvalwa kolunye uhlangothi uyavevezela ngendlela yamagagasi. I-static ubude obude. Izindlela zakho zokudlidliza kwamashubhu analezi zici. Ihambisana ne-sine wave, ubude bayo bokuthi kukhona iphuzu le-zero amplitude. I-node yokukhipha ekugcineni kwesipikha kanye nokuphela kwebhubhu, ngoba umoya awukwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka ngenxa yesipikha kanye ne-tube cap, ngokulandelana. Kula ma-node sinokuhluka okuphezulu kwengcindezi, i-antinode noma isisu, segagasi lokuma.
Ijubane lomsindo kwimidiya ehlukile
Ijubane lomsindo liyahluka ngokuya ngolimi igagasi lomsindo elisakazeka ngalo. Iphinde ishintshe namazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kubangela ukwanda kokuvama kokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezithwala ukudlidlizela, futhi ukwanda kwalo msebenzi kwandisa ijubane.
Isibonelo, eqhweni, umsindo ungahamba amabanga amade. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlehliswa ngaphansi kweqhwa, okungeyona into ehambisanayo. Isendlalelo ngasinye seqhwa sinokushisa okuhlukile. Izindawo ezijule kakhulu ilanga elingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo zibanda kakhulu kunaphezulu. Kulezi zingqimba ezipholile eziseduze nomhlabathi, ijubane lokusakazwa komsindo lihamba kancane.
Ngokuvamile, ijubane lomsindo likhulu ezintweni eziqinile kunoketshezi futhi likhulu oketshezini kunasegesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuphakama kobumbano lwezibopho ze-athomu noma zamangqamuzana, inamandla yento. Ijubane lomsindo emoyeni (ekushiseni okungama-20 ° C) lingu-343,2 m / s.
Ake sibone ijubane lomsindo kweminye imidiya:
- Emoyeni, ngo-0 ° C, umsindo uhamba ngejubane lama-331 m / s (kuwo wonke amazinga Celsius izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, ijubane lomsindo lenyuka ngo-0,6 m / s).
- Emanzini (at 25 ° C) ngu-1593 m / s.
- Ezicubu kungu-1540 m / s.
- Ngokhuni kungama-3700 m / s.
- Kukhonkolo kungu-4000 m / s.
- Ensimbi ingu-6100 m / s.
- Ku-aluminium ingu-6400 m / s.
- Ku-cadmium ingu-12400 m / s.
Ijubane lokusakazwa kwegagasi lengcindezi libaluleke kakhulu ekutadisheni kwesimo sokuzwakalisa umsindo kumqoqi wenjini ephindayo futhi kuya ngezimpawu zemvelo. Isibonelo, kumagesi, inhlanganisela evuthayo kokuphindaphindwayo kokungenisa noma amagesi ashile ekuphindaphindaneni kokukhipha ancike ekumeni nasekucindezelweni kwawo.
Izinhlobo zamagagasi asakazayo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamagagasi: amagagasi e-longitudinal namagagasi ajikelezayo.
- Igagasi lesikhathi eside: I-Wave lapho izinhlayiya zesilinganiso esidlidlizelayo zisuka kolunye uhlangothi ziye kolunye uhlangothi olufanayo negagasi. Okuphakathi kungaba okuqinile, oketshezi noma okunomoya. Ngakho-ke, amagagasi omsindo amagagasi e-longitudinal.
- Igagasi elidlulayo: Igagasi lapho izinhlayiya eziphakathi nendawo zidlidlizela phezulu naphansi "ngama-engeli angakwesokudla" ukuya lapho kuhamba khona igagasi. La magagasi avela kuphela ezintweni eziqinile nakuluketshezi, hhayi amagesi.
Kepha khumbula ukuthi amagagasi ahamba nhlangothi zonke, ngakho-ke kulula ukucabanga ngawo njengokudlula endaweni.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngejubane lomsindo nezici zawo.