Enye yezinkanyezi ezibaluleke kakhulu kososayensi bezinkanyezi i- IBhele elincane. Itholakala enyakatho yezwe futhi ingabonakala kusuka eYurophu unyaka wonke. Le nkanyezi inezinkanyezi eziningi, ngokuyinhloko iPolaris. Ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kososayensi bezinkanyezi ngoba ezinye izindikimba eziningi zasezulwini zisebenzisa le nkanyezi ngokungathi i-eksisi ukuzungeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwinganekwane yamaNdiya aseVedas, uPolaris udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu njengomholi weqembu lonkulunkulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukusebenza kanye nencazelo yenkanyezi yezinkanyezi i-Ursa Minor.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukuma kwe-Ursa Minor kuyefana nalokho kwe- Bhele Elikhulu, kodwa ngokungafani, i-eksisi yayo ayiqondile, kepha isontekile emuva. Inkanyezi enkulu yale nkanyezi, uPolaris, igcina isikhundla esimisiwe esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku. Ukuphakama kwesimo senkanyezi enyakatho kufana nobubanzi bokubuka. Inkanyezi yakhiwa izinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa ezimise okwemoto, ezine zazo zakha ingxenye ejulile yemoto kanti ezinye ezintathu ziyizibambo zemoto.
Isici esidume kakhulu se-Ursa Minor yiNyakatho yeNkanyezi, etholakala ekunwetshisweni kwe-eksisi yoMhlaba, ngakho-ke ihlala igxilile esibhakabhakeni futhi ikhomba esigxotsheni esisenyakatho. Amatilosi ayisebenzisa njengeNkanyezi yaseNyakatho. Iphoyinti lesethenjwa phakathi nohambo. Ngaphandle kweNkanyezi yaseNyakatho, I-Ursa Minor ayinazo izinto ezithakazelisa ekufundeni izinkanyezi. Njengoba inikezwe indawo, i-Ursa Minor ingabonakala kuphela enyakatho ye-hemisphere, kepha ngokubuyisela, kuleyo hemisphere ibonakala unyaka wonke. Kanye nomlingani wayo iBig Dipper, ingesinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu esibhakabhakeni esisenyakatho neNkabazwe.
Izinganekwane ze-Ursa Minor
Ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi, kunemibono eminingi ngemvelaphi ye-Ursa Minor. Omunye wakhe nguFénice, owaguqulwa kuthwala ngu-Arthemisi ngemuva kokuhehwa nguZeus. Le ndaba ifana kakhulu nekaCallisto. Yayifakwe ku-Ursa Major, ngakho-ke abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi kumele kube nenhlekelele endabeni yokuqala enabalingiswa ababili abafanayo (uZeus wayezoshintsha iCallisto ibe yi-Ursa Major bese kuthi kamuva u-Artemis ayenze i-Ursa Minor).
UCallisto uyinganekwane enhle kakhulu eyathandana noZeus. Ndawonye banendodana yabo u-Arcas. Unkosikazi kaZeus, uHera, waphendula uCallisto waba yibhere ngenxa yomona. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, uCallisto wahlangana nendodana yakhe, engazange iyibone ngesimo sesilwane futhi yafuna ukuyibulala. Ukumsindisa UZeus waphendula indodana yakhe yaba ibhere futhi wababeka bonke esibhakabhakeni, kwaholela e-Ursa Major nase-Ursa Minor.
Izinkanyezi eziyinhloko ze-Ursa Minor
Ake sifingqe ukuthi yiziphi izinkanyezi eziyinhloko ze-Ursa Minor:
- α I-Ursae Minoris (I-Polaris, i-Polar Star noma i-North Star), inkanyezi egqame kunazo zonke e-constellation, i-supergiant ephuzi ne-Cepheid eguquguqukayo yobukhulu 1,97.
- β Ursae Minoris (Kochab), yobukhulu 2,07, inkanyezi enkulu enombala osawolintshi eyayikade isetshenziswa njengenkanyezi yesigxobo.
- γ Ursae Minoris (IPherkad), yobukhulu obungu-3,00, inkanyezi emhlophe futhi eguquguqukayo yohlobo lweDelta Scuti.
- δUrsae Minoris (Yildun noma Pherkard), inkanyezi emhlophe enobukhulu obungu-4,35.
- ε Ursae Minoris, kusithwa i-RS Canum Venaticorum kanambambili neguquguqukayo yobukhulu be-4,21.
- U-Ursae Minoris (U-Anwar al Farkadain), umhlophe ophuzi omhlophe ophuzi ngobukhulu be-4,95.
- I-Calvera, igama elingakahleleki lalokho okucatshangwa ukuthi kuyinkanyezi ye-neutron esondele kakhulu eMhlabeni.
Ukubaluleka kwePole Star
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, iPolaris itholakala enkanyezini i-Ursa Minor. Le yinkanyezi engabonakala kahle esibhakabhakeni sethu unyaka wonke. Singabona kuphela labo abahlala enyakatho yezwe. Iqoqo lezinkanyezi lakhiwa izinkanyezi eziyi-7, kufaka phakathi iPole Star. Ingakhonjwa kalula njengenkanyezi enkulu ephuzi, ebonakala ngokugqama kakhulu nokudlula ubukhulu belanga. Yize lokhu kungabonakala kungalungile, kuyinkanyezi enkulu kunelanga. Kodwa-ke, iqhelelene kakhulu kunalokho okubonakalayo, ngakho-ke asikwazi ukukubona kusayizi ofanayo noma ukuyivumela ukuthi isikhanyise ngendlela ilanga elisebenza ngayo.
Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwezinhlelo ze-radar ne-GPS nezindawo, i-Pole Star yayisetshenziswa njengesiqondisi sokuzulazula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyasiza ukuziqondisa endaweni yezulu yasezulwini.
Ungayibona Kanjani Inkanyezi yePole
Kuyinkanyezi emisiwe futhi yize ezinye izinkanyezi zibonakala zihamba esibhakabhakeni, akunjalo. Kulula ukuyibona ngoba i-static ngokuphelele. Kuseduze neBig Dipper. Imilaza emibili iyefana ngokuthi yakhiwe ngezinkanyezi eziyi-7 futhi yakheke njengemoto.
Ihlukile kwezinye izinkanyezi ngoba iyinkanyezi ehlala imile esibhakabhakeni. Ungabona ezinye izinkanyezi zizungeza ukuzungeza kwe-eksisi yoMhlaba. Uhambo lwezinkanyezi luthatha amahora angama-24, njengamaplanethi nelanga, ngakho-ke uma sifuna ukwazi ukuma kwenkanyezi ye-pole ngesikhathi esithile, kufanele sibheke i-Big Dipper. Lokhu kwenziwa ngoba iyiqoqo lezinkanyezi okulula ukulibona futhi, eduze kwalo, yiPole Star.
Uma sifuna ukuyibona, kufanele nje sidwebe umugqa wokucabanga othatha njengendawo yokukhomba izinkanyezi ezimbili enkanyezini i-Ursa Major ebizwa ngeMerak neDhube. Lezi zinkanyezi ezimbili kulula ukuzibona esibhakabhakeni. Uma sezibonekile, kufanele sidwebe omunye umugqa wokucabanga ebangeni eliphindwe ka-5 ukuthi phakathi kwalaba ababili ukuthola iPole Star.
Kuwo wonke umlando, le nkanyezi isetshenziswe njengendawo yokukhomba ezinkulungwaneni zamatilosi awela ulwandle. Khumbula ukuthi yilabo kuphela abahamba ngomkhumbi badabula iNyakatho Nenkabazwe abayibonayo. Ngenxa yalesi sihlabani, esisebenze njengomhlahlandlela wabantu abaningi kangaka, bakwazi ukufinyelela ezikhundleni zamadolobha kahle.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-constellation Ursa Minor.