Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezintaba-mlilo emhlabeni kuye ngezici zazo, imvelaphi kanye nohlobo lokuqhuma. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu I-volcano ye-Stromboli. Iwuhlobo olunelukuluku lwentaba-mlilo ngenxa yezici zayo ezihlukile ezibangele ukuthi ibe nesithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini wesayensi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nentaba-mlilo iStromboli, izici zayo, umsuka kanye nohlobo lokuqhuma.
I-volcano ye-Stromboli
I-Stromboli ingenye yezintaba-mlilo ezinde kakhulu ezinomlando weminyaka engu-2000 wokusebenza. Phakathi kokunye, kubonakala yiqiniso lokuthi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobude bayo buphelele bungaphansi kwamanzi.
Igama lakhe liwuhlobo lwesiNtaliyane lwegama lakhe lesiGreki lasendulo elithi Στρογγυλή (Strogule), okusho ukuthi "umbuthano" noma "umbuthano". Lokhu kungenxa yokuma kwesiqongo sayo, ingxenye yesithathu yentaba-mlilo ephuma olwandle.
Elinye iqiniso elithokozisayo ngale Colossus ukuthi yamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba yi-UNESCO ngo-2000, kanye nezinye iziqhingi zase-Aeolian, ngenxa yeqhaza layo elikhulu emkhakheni we-volcanology kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, njengokutholakala kwamaVulcanians kanye ama-strombolians.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iStromboli ingesinye seziqhingi zase-Aeolian ezisoLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian e-Italy. Iyingxenye yedolobha laseLipari, eliyingxenye yeMetropolis yaseMessina. Izixhumanisi zayo ngu-38°47'39″N 15°13'04″E.
Phakathi kwezici zayo esinazo:
- Uhlobo lwe-volcano: i-stratovolcano.
- Ingxenye: I-lava eqinile.
- Amadolobha aseduze: Metropolis of Messina.
- Amathuba Okusongela: Maphakathi.
- Ukuphakama: amamitha angu-926 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, amamitha angu-2000 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.
- Indawo: 12,19 km².
- Isilinganiso sokuqhuma kokuqala: iminyaka engu-6.050.
- Ukuqhuma kokugcina okurekhodiwe: 350 BC. C.—Okungokoqobo.
Iyingozi kangakanani intabamlilo yaseStromboli?
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi intaba-mlilo ayibhekwa njengosongo olukhulu, asikwazi ukuphika ukuthi ukungazinzi kwayo kungase kube usongo ezakhamuzini zalesi siqhingi, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuyifundisisa ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngomlando wayo, USromboli usedlule nemiphefumulo yabantu abangu-11 walimaza nabanye abaningi ngezindlela ezahlukene. Isibalo sabantu abasongelwa ngokuqondile yi-colossus sifinyelela kubantu abangama-400, inani labantu abahlala e-Islam. Nokho, uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma okunamandla ngempela, kungase kufake engozini ukuphila kwezakhamuzi zaseziqhingini ezizungezile, ezinezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-10.000 XNUMX.
umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo
Nakuba umsebenzi wentabamlilo usuqhubeke iminyaka engaba ngu-2360, kunamaqhuqhuva ambalwa agqama esixukwini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kwalokhu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-8 kwenzeka phakathi kuka-6050 no-4050 BC. C nabanye abangu-8 kule nombolo. Sizokhuluma ngalokhu kokugcina ngezansi.
Iziqhumane ezinhlanu kuphela ezabulala: 1919, 1930, 1986, 2001 kanye no-2019.. Ukuqhuma kuka-1919 kwakhipha amatshe amakhulu awela eduze kwemiphakathi emibili eseduze, kwashona abantu abane futhi kwabangela i-tsunami. Ukuqhuma kwango-1930 kwakhafula amathani engeziwe angu-30 e-magma, eyagcina ithathe ukuphila kwabanye abantu abane emiphakathini ehlukahlukene ezungeze intaba-mlilo.
Ngo-1986, indoda ethile yasondela onqenqemeni lomgodi lapho iqhuma, futhi ngokudabukisayo, ucezu lodaka lwathatha ukuphila kwakhe ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithimba lezivakashi lalivakashela indawo ezungezile yentaba-mlilo ngo-2001, lapho iqhuma njengakuqala, futhi ucezu lodaka lwabulala omunye wabo. Sizokhuluma ngokuqhuma kuka-2019 esigabeni esilandelayo.
Ukuqhuma kwe-Stromboli ngo-2016 kuze kube manje
Ngo-2016, umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ukhule kakhulu futhi usalokhu unjalo (ngaphandle kwenani elincane lomsebenzi wesikhashana) kuze kube namuhla. Ngo-Okthoba 21, 2016, kwabonwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okuningana, kodwa ayengameleli noma iyiphi ingozi ebalulekile kubantu abavamile.
Kwase kuthi, ngo-2017, kwaba khona ukuqhuma okune ukuqina okumaphakathi, nokuqhuma komlotha okukhulu kanye nokuchitheka kwe-lava okuncane okubonwe enyakatho ye-hemisphere ye-crater. Noma kunjalo, izakhamuzi zakulesi siqhingi azizange zenzeke.
Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2018, intaba-mlilo ibingasebenzi, ngaphandle kokuqhuma kweplanethi okubili okungazange kube usongo. Nokho, engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, ezinye izintuba zeStromboli zaziqhuma izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-60 ngehora. I-Italian Civil Protection imemezele ukuthi ayizinzile futhi yaqala ukuyiqapha kakhulu ukuze ikhiphe abahlali uma kwenzeka ingozi.
I-Stromboli iqale u-2019 isebenza kakhulu. Kukhona ukuqhuma okuningana kanye nokugeleza kwe-lava okumaphakathi phakathi noJanuwari. NgoFebhuwari nangoMashi, intaba-mlilo yaphela nomsebenzi omncane kakhulu, futhi uMeyi wahlala efana nokuhlukile okuncane.
Nokho, ngoJulayi 3 wonyaka ofanayo, intaba-mlilo yaqhuma ngamandla futhi, ikhipha intuthu ewugqinsi ngamakhilomitha angu-3 ngaphezu kwendawo yayo ephakeme kakhulu, ikhipha umlotha, amadwala, nodaka. Lesi sigameko siholele ekufeni komuntu oyedwa kwalimala oyedwa. Ngemva kwalesi sigameko, okunye ukuqhuma okuncane okungu-20 kwarekhodwa ngaphandle kokudala izinkinga, futhi isimo esiphansi somsebenzi sabuye sabuyiselwa.
Ukushona kwelanga
I-magma eshisayo ibonakala ngokuqondile phezulu kwentaba-mlilo. Khuphukela i-volcanic cone yase-Stromboli ntambama, suka e-Pro Loco Tourist Office e-Ficogrande, ufike e-caldera (200m ngaphansi kwesiqongo) ekushoneni kwelanga futhi ubuke umbukwane wamalangabi ebusuku phakathi kokuvuma ngekhanda. Umzila wamahora amane noma ayisithupha awubafanele abantu abagqoke izimbadada, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yokugcina ye-volcanic slag ikwenza uthathe izinyathelo ezimbili emuva kuzo zonke izinyathelo ezimbili zokuya phambili.
Izingubo ezifudumele, amanzi amaningi, ukudla nezikhwama zokulala kubalulekile ohambweni olujabulisayo oluya entaba-mlilo. Nokho, ukuqhuma okukhazimulayo okubingelela izivakashi ngentaba-mlilo kuwufanele noma yimuphi umzamo. Umqansa uphela ku-364 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. I-crater, ifaneli enkulu, ehlala ekhipha ama-fumaroles, lapho kuphuma khona umhwamuko wesulfure phakathi kuka-100 no-200ºC. Kuphephile ukuvakashela, nakuba kunezixwayiso zansuku zonke nezixwayiso njalo ngonyaka, akunconywa ukuthi uhlale kude nokuvakasha okuqondisiwe noma uzame ukwehla intaba-mlilo uwedwa noma ebusuku.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nentaba-mlilo yaseStromboli nezici zayo.