I-Strait yaseGibraltar

El I-Strait yaseGibraltar Kuyingalo yolwandle ehlukanisa i-Afrika neYurophu futhi ixhumanisa amanzi e-Atlantic neMedithera. Futhi itholakala endaweni enephutha phakathi kwamapuleti e-tectonic ase-Eurasia nase-Afrika. Inokubaluleka okukhulu kwezomnotho nokudoba. Kuwo wonke umlando bekwaziwa kakhulu.

Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngazo zonke izici nokubaluleka kwe-Strait of Gibraltar.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ukujula okukhulu kweStrait of Gibraltar ngamamitha angama-90. Ibanga phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili asondelene nhlangothi zombili ze-strait (i-Punta de Oliveros yaseSpain nePunta Cires yaseMorocco) ngu-14,4 km.

Igama lamanje le-strait libhekisela eDwala laseGibraltar, eliseNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia, nakuba lingaphansi kobukhosi baseBrithani. Igama elithi Gibraltar livela egameni lendawo yesi-Arabhu elithi Djebel Tariq, okusho ukuthi "iNtaba yaseTariq", igama lomholi wamaMuslim owahola ukunqotshwa kwenhlonhlo ngo-711 AD.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, le ndawo yaziwa ngokuthi "iNsika yeHercules" futhi yaphawula imingcele yezwe eyaziwa ngamaGreki asendulo. Insika yaseNyakatho yaziwa njengedwala laseGibraltar (426 m), kanti insika yaseNingizimu ingaba yiNtaba i-Jacho (204 m) e-Ceuta (Spain) noma i-Mount Moussa (851 m) e-Morocco.

Kunamazwe ama-3 alawula indawo ye-strait: iSpain, ethatha ugu olusenyakatho, ne-enclave yaseCeuta ogwini oluseningizimu; I-Morocco, elawula ugu oluseningizimu, kanye ne-United Kingdom, ephethe indawo yase-Gibraltar ogwini olusenyakatho.

Isimo sezulu seStrait of Gibraltar

Iphethini yendawo ye-Strait of Gibraltar inquma izici ezithile zezimo zayo zezulu. Ngokwesigaba se-Köppen, le ndawo inesimo sezulu esishisayo esomile (Csa), esibonakala ngokushisa kwehlobo kanye nemvula encane, ikakhulukazi ogwini oluseningizimu (phakathi kuka-500 no-700 mm ngonyaka).

Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ebusika liphakathi kuka-8ºC no-12ºC, ngenkathi ehlobo lingama-25-28ºC. Ukuhlelwa kwe-reliefs kusiza ukuqondisa imimoya e-axis esempumalanga-ntshonalanga, engavunguza ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Engxenyeni emaphakathi yeStrait of Gibraltar, le mimoya ingafinyelela amafindo angu-40 kuya kwangu-50. Umsinga unamandla kakhulu. Phezulu zigeleza zisuka e-Atlantic ziye eMedithera, kuyilapho emanzini ajulile ukunyakaza okuphambene kwenzeka.

Ngokomlando, i-Strait of Gibraltar ibe nokubaluleka okukhulu kwamasu nokuhwebelana futhi isaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Njengendawo yokuthutha phakathi koLwandle iMedithera kanye noLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, iStrait of Gibraltar ingenye yemizila yemikhumbi ematasa kakhulu emhlabeni, kanye neSuez Canal, iStrait of Hormuz, iPanama Canal kanye neStrait yaseMalacca. Indlela eya enyakatho-eningizimu nayo ibalulekile, okungukuthi, ukuhamba olwandle phakathi kweYurophu ne-Afrika. Izikebhe ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• ENorth Slope: Gibraltar (United Kingdom), Algeciras and Tarifa (Spain).
• Emthambekeni oseningizimu: iCeuta (eSpain), iTangier neMedithera Tangier (Morocco).

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-Strait of Gibraltar ingenye yeziteshi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe eYurophu, ngakho-ke enye yezindlela okukhulunywa ngazo kakhulu.

I-Geography kanye ne-geology ye-Strait of Gibraltar

Kuwumgoqo wemvelo phakathi kwamazwe amabili: ESpain naseMorocco; phakathi kwamazwekazi amabili: iYurophu ne-Afrika; phakathi kwezilwandle ezimbili: iMedithera ne-Atlantic; phakathi kwezinkolo ezimbili: ubuKristu namaSulumane; phakathi kwamasiko amabili: eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga. Ngisho ngokwesimo sezwe, i-strait imelela ukuhlukana kwamapuleti amabili e-tectonic: ipuleti lase-Eurasia kanye nepuleti lase-Afrika. Ukujula kwemaphakathi ne-strait ngamamitha ayi-1400. Akukho ndawo emhlabeni lapho kukhona umehluko ongaka ebangeni elifushane kangaka.

ngokwendawo, i-strait iqala entshonalanga phakathi kweCape Trafalgar neCape Spartel, futhi empumalanga iboshwe iDwala LaseGibraltar kanye neNtaba iHacho de Ceuta. E-Ribera Norte, idolobha laseGibraltar kanye nengxenye eseningizimu yesifundazwe saseCádiz kuzochazwa, kanye nezifunda zaseCampo de Gibraltar naseLajanda, kanti iCádiz izobalulwa njengenhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe.

Eningizimu sizochaza umasipala waseCeuta kanye neTangier-Tetouan engxenyeni esenyakatho yesifunda saseMoroccan, kanye neFnideq-Mdiq, Anyera, Fash Beni Maqada, Tangier-Asilah kanye nesifundazwe saseTetouan, sicaphuna uLalash noJon, nakuba ikude nendawo, ihlobene kakhulu ne-strait.

I-Strait of Gibraltar, ehlukanisa iYurophu ne-Afrika, Ingaphezudlwana kwamakhilomitha ayi-10, yinde kancane kuneMount Everest, engamakhilomitha angaba ngu-9 ngaphezu kolwandle. Lena indawo yokuphakama lapho izindiza zezentengiselwano zindizela khona ngakho-ke iyindawo eqhelile ukusuka ezweni kubantu abaningi. Njengoba sonke sazi, iMount Everest iyindawo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, nakuba ingeyona intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke. E-Hawaii, isiqongo se-Mauna Loa siphakama cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-4 ngaphezu kolwandle, kodwa amamithambeka ayo ashona phansi olwandle anobude obungamakhilomitha ayi-10.

Impumuzo, izitshalo nezilwane

I-Strait of Gibraltar yindawo enesimo sezulu esingavamile, esidlulela ngaphezu kwamashumi amakhilomitha. Ama-reliefs aqondisa umoya ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: entshonalanga nasempumalanga, okungukuthi, ukuhamba phansi noma okuphambene nalokho. sheshisa ngobudlova, ukushaya amafindo angama-40 nangama-50 eduze kwamadwala. Nokho, ingase ikhululeke noma ingakhululeki ngaphambi noma ngemva kwamamayela angu-20. Ukuwela i-strait akunasu ikakhulukazi, kodwa abasebenzi kufanele balindele izinguquko ezisheshayo lapho umoya uya khona ukuze bangalahlekelwa yisikhathi.

Inomgwaqo ophakeme kakhulu e-Europe ngamamitha angu-3.478 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle kanye neGuadalquivir Valley (okusho isigodi esikhulu ngesi-Arabhu), umfula ogeleza usuka empumalanga uye entshonalanga, lapho kuhlangana khona amadolobha aseSeville naseCórdoba.

Ichweba liyipaki yemvelo enkulu kunazo zonke evikelwe eYurophu (iDoñana), lapho ungabuka khona izibonelo zokugcina ze-Iberian lynx, ukhozi lwegolide, izinyamazane izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinyoni eziningi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene lapho zifuduka zisuka e-Afrika ziya eYurophu. Zihlala epaki ngesikhathi sokuvakasha.

Ukuma kwefaneli ye-Strait of Gibraltar kanye nezinguzunga zamatshe ezisogwini ezinhlangothini zombili ze-Strait ngokuvamile kuphehla imimoya enamandla kakhulu. Lokhu kuye kwazuzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla omoya futhi kwazala amahlathi angapheli emishini yomoya kanye nokuntweza emoyeni. I-Tarifa, esechosheni eliseningizimu yeSpain, isingethe imiqhudelwano eminingi yomhlaba.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Strait of Gibraltar nezici zayo.