Olunye uhla lwezintaba oludume kakhulu enhlonhlweni yase-Italy yiCordillera de los Ama-Apennines. Kudume udumo ngokuba yingxenye yomgogodla womzimba wale nhlonhlo. Luhlelo lwezintaba olungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-1.400 40 ubude nobubanzi obuhluka phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-XNUMX. Inomcebo omkhulu webhayoloji nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezenza indawo yemvelo ikulungele ukuvakashelwa.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezici, i-geology, izimbali nezilwane ze-Apennines.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lolu hlelo lwezintaba ludlula ukusuka endaweni yaseCadibona, etholakala ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, iye eziQhingini zase-Egadi, ezisenyakatho yeSicily. Inesiqongo esiphakeme semitha esingu-2.914 esaziwa njengeCorno Grande. Uma siyihlaziya ngokwendlela yokwakheka komhlaba, ama-Apennines ayingxenye yomhlambi wezintaba owaziwa ngokuthi ama-Atlas Mountains, aqala ukusuka eNyakatho Afrika adlule eDinaric Alps, adlulele esifundeni saseBalkan.
Ukuhlukahluka kwayo kokuma komhlaba kuphawuleka impela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithola amatshe esihlabathi namamashi endaweni esenyakatho, eLiguria. Eningizimu yenhlonhlo naseSicily singathola amadwala amakhulu aqhekekile ahlukaniswe izindawo eziphansi ezinamatshe namatshe esihlabathi.
Kuyisakhiwo esisha lapho ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kungakaqedi. Ngabe lokho singathola iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu ezingakathinteki ukuguguleka nokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baneziphambeko eziningi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezidala ukuthi izindawo eziseduze zithintwe yizimo zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nentaba-mlilo esebenzayo. Yize iyintaba encane yezintaba, kuncike ekugugulekeni komoya nangamanzi. Ugu lolwandle lufinyelela ezintabeni linciphisa ubukhulu bogu futhi lubangele iqembu elincane le-rock.
Isimo sezulu nemvelo yama-Apennines
Ubude bonke bezintaba bunesimo sezulu saseMedithera ngakho-ke sithola uhlaza oluseningizimu olwakhiwe ikakhulu izivini, iminqumo kanye nezihlahla ezisawolintshi. Okwenza le ntaba ivakashelwe izivakashi yilokho iningi lensimu yalo lisendle ngaphandle kokulinywa. Izimo ze-Calcareous zigcwele kulezi zindawo. Lawa matshe anekalori aqhamuka ikakhulu kwesekondari nakwezemfundo ephakeme.
Isifunda esimpofu kakhulu futhi esingenabantu abaningi e-Italy ngokuba yindawo yemvelo. Inani labantu futhi lifudukela kwezinye izindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu ezomnotho. Yize isimo sezulu esivelele kuyiMedithera, ngenxa yokuphakama, amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu kuvame ukwanda unyaka wonke. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-Apennines ayembozwe ngezihlahla ze-beech neze-chestnut. Amahlathi abelokhu enyamalala ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yokudliswa ngokweqile. Imihlambi eminingi yezimvu nezimbuzi ibilokhu ihoxisa futhi isusa indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo.
Ngabe namuhla, abantu bezwe basazenzela imbandezelo yezitho zomzimba. Imihlambi iklaba ezintabeni ngesikhathi sasehlobo nasebusika inabela nasemathafeni asogwini lapho amazinga okushisa emnandi kakhulu. Izimpisi, amabhere, izimpungushe nama-chamois bezilokhu zinyamalala kancane kancane ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu.
I-Apennine Division
Ungakusho lokho ama-Apennines ahlukaniswe ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu abe izingxenye ezine. Izendlalelo zobumba zibhekene nokudilika komhlaba lapho kufika isikhathi semvula. Lokhu kudilika komhlaba kuvame ukusongela amadolobhana akhona ezindaweni eziseduze. Kwezinye izikhathi, icekelwe phansi futhi yabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni ezinabantu ngenxa yalokhu kudilika komhlaba.
Ngokuqondene nezinto zokumbiwa phansi, asitholi ingcebo enkulu. Kepha singabona inani elikhulu lama-pyrite, izinsimbi zethusi, i-bauxite, ne-mercury. IMercury itholakala ngobuningi futhi, ngakho-ke, i-Italy ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni we-mercury.
Lezi zinto zingatholakala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni emaphakathi nenhlonhlo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSicily icebile ngesibabule. Noma ngabe siqala ukubala, ingcebo eyinhloko yama-Apennines ingamandla wokubacindezela. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu wamanzi, kungakhishwa inani elikhulu lamandla avuselelekayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga nendawo kunzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseNaples.
Endaweni yaseLiguria zixhunywe entshonalanga ye-Alps. Ingxenye ephezulu kakhulu ihambelana nomfula iTuscan-Emilian lapho singathola khona iziqongo ezidlula ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-2.000 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eNyakatho Apennines yiMount Cimone enamamitha angu-2.165 ukuphakama.
Endaweni ebanzi kakhulu yobubanzi bezintaba kunezigodi eziningi ezincane nezintaba ezinjengezintaba zase-Abruzzo, izintaba ze-SIbilinos noma iGran Sasso, indawo enkulu lapho iCorno Grande iphakama (2.194 m), indawo ephakeme kakhulu yama-Apennines . Engxenyeni eseningizimu kakhulu, uhla lwezintaba lwakha uhlobo lwe-arc oluphendukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Le ndawo yiyo evelele ngokuba nezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu ezifana neVesuvius. Lezi zintaba-mlilo ziyimbangela yokunye ukuzamazama komhlaba.
I-Hydrology, i-flora nezilwane
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-hydrology ibaluleke kakhulu kulezi zintaba. Kugqame ukuba nemifula enezifundo ezimfishane. Imifula ebaluleke kakhulu yiTiber edlula isuka endaweni emaphakathi ize ithelele oLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian. Ingamakhilomitha angama-405, amancane kakhulu emfuleni. Omunye umfula obalulekile yi-Arno, enobude obungamakhilomitha angama-250, oqala ukusuka entshonalanga e-Tuscan massif, udlula eFlorence bese uthela oLwandle lwaseLugurian.
Ngaphandle kokuthi imifula inokwelulwa okuncane, isenzo samanzi singesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezikhukhula kulezi zintaba. Ngokuqondene nezimbali, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo zohlobo lweMedithera ezihluka ngokuya phezulu kanye nobude. Enyakatho sithola izihlahla ze-oki, ze-chestnut, ze-beech neze-pine ngobuningi obukhulu. Eningizimu sithola izihlahlana ezithile ezifana zingu-mastic, oleanders nezimure.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwane zilondolozwe kahle ngenxa yobukhona bamapaki kazwelonke nezindawo ezivikelwe. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezici esinazo kakhulu ibhere elinsundu, impisi e-ithalikhi, i-lynx nokhozi lwegolide.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngama-Apennines.