indlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle

Ukutyhubela imbali baye bazibuza indlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, kwakukholelwa ukuba uMhlaba nezinye iiplanethi zenziwe ngezinto ezixhwilwe elangeni. Umfanekiso womhlaba ukhazimla ukuya kutsho kubushushu uze uphole ngokuthe ngcembe. Yakuba ipholile ngokwaneleyo ukuze amanzi ajiye, umphunga wamanzi okwiatmosfera eshushu yomhlaba waguquka waba lulwelo kwaye kwaqalisa ukunetha imvula enkulu. Emva kweminyaka yale mvula ingakholelekiyo yamanzi abilayo, intsintsi kwaye igquma njengoko ibetha kumhlaba oshushu, izitya ezikumhlaba orhabaxa womhlaba ekugqibeleni zaphola ngokwaneleyo ukuba zibambe amanzi, zizalise kwaye ngaloo ndlela zenza iilwandlekazi.

Ngaba ngokwenene le yayiyindlela ezakhiwa ngayo iilwandlekazi? Kweli nqaku siyichaza ngokweenkcukacha.

indlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle

Namhlanje, izazinzulu ziqinisekile ukuba uMhlaba kunye nezinye iiplanethi azizange zenzeke elangeni, kodwa zivela kumasuntswana ahlangeneyo ngexesha elinye ilanga liphuhlisiwe. Umhlaba awuzange ufikelele kubushushu belanga, kodwa iye yaba shushu kakhulu ngenxa yamandla okudibana kwawo onke amasuntswana ayenzileyo. Kangangokuba ubunzima bayo obuncinane ngokwentelekiso ekuqaleni bebungakwazanga ukuqulatha iatmosfera okanye umphunga wamanzi.

Okanye ngokufanayo, izinto eziqinileyo zalo Mhlaba usandul’ ukusekwa azinamoya okanye ulwandle. Zivela phi?

Kakade ke, amanzi (kunye negesi) abophene ngokukhululekileyo kwizinto ezinamatye ezenza indawo eqinileyo yeplanethi. Ungaphakathi uya usiba shushu ngakumbi njengoko indawo eqinileyo iya iqina phantsi kwamandla womxhuzulane. Irhasi kunye nomphunga wamanzi zigxothwa kwintlangano yazo yangaphambili kunye nelitye kwaye ishiye into eqinileyo ngasemva.

Amaqamza avela kwaye aqokelelana enza umonakalo kuMhlaba omncinci, ngelixa ubushushu obukhutshiweyo bubangele ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo. Akukho nethontsi elinye lamanzi alulwelo eliye lawa esibhakabhakeni iminyaka emininzi. Kufana nomphunga wamanzi, onyukayo ukusuka kuqweqwe kwaye uyajiya. Iilwandle zenza ukusuka phezulu, hayi ukusuka ngaphantsi.

Eyona nto ingavumelaniyo ngayo izazinzulu ngokuma komhlaba namhlanje lizinga okwakhiwa ngalo iilwandle. Ngaba wonke umphunga wamanzi wanyamalala kwisithuba esimalunga newaka lewaka leminyaka ukuze iilwandle zibe nobungakanani obuyiyo namhlanje ukususela ekuqalekeni kobomi? Okanye ngaba yinkqubo ecothayo apho ulwandle belukhula kwaye luqhubeka lukhula ngalo lonke ixesha lokwakheka komhlaba?

imvula elwandle

Abo bacinga ukuba iilwandle zenziwe kwangoko kumdlalo kwaye ziye zahlala zingaguquguquki kubukhulu ukusukela oko zibonisa ukuba amazwekazi abonakala eyinto esisigxina yoMhlaba. Ngaphambili, xa iilwandle bekucingwa ukuba zincinci kakhulu. zazingabonakali zinkulu kakhulu.

Kwelinye icala, abo bakholelwa ukuba ulwandle belukhula ngokuthe ngcembe babonisa ukuba ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo luselukhuphe umphunga omninzi emoyeni: umphunga wamanzi uphuma kumatye anzulu, kungekhona elwandle. Ukongeza, kukho iindawo zolwandle kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ezincopho zazo zisicaba zazikwinqanaba lolwandle kodwa ngoku zingamakhulu eemitha ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

Mhlawumbi kuya kufikelelwa kwisivumelwano. Kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba ngoxa iilwandle zinyuka, ubunzima bamanzi amileyo bubangela ukuba umgangatho wolwandle uwohloke. Oko kukuthi, ngokutsho kolu qikelelo, ulwandle luye lusiba nzulu, kodwa alukho banzi. Oku kunokuchaza ubukho bala mathafa aselwandle antywiliselweyo, kunye nobukho bamazwekazi.

Amacwecwe eTectonic

Ukubunjwa kweelwandle eMhlabeni sisiphumo esingathanga ngqo seenkqubo zokuhambisa kwi-mantle eqhekeza uqweqwe. Konke kuqala ngoxinzelelo olwenziwa yi-magma kumphezulu. Olu xinzelelo lubangela kuqala ukuba buthathaka koqweqwe lomhlaba kuze emva koko kugqabhuke. Nangona uxinzelelo olwenziwa yi-magma lunolungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo, ukusuka kwi-axis yoxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-magma. amandla othe tyaba ayenziwa aqhekeze uqweqwe. Ngenxa yoko, iintanda ezininzi ziyakhula ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Njengoko i-crustal mass iphuma kancinci kancinci, umphezulu uyatshona kwaye udakumba olukhulu lwenze (ngenxa yokutsala ukwahlula uxinzelelo). Umsebenzi we-volcanic uyenzeka kwezi xinzelelo (apho i-magma sele ikwazi ukuphunyuka), kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko i-depressions ikhula ngobubanzi, igcwalisa ngamanzi, ekugqibeleni kwakheka amanzi amaninzi njengoko siwazi. Njengolwandle nolwandle. Xa intaba-mlilo igqunyiwe, iba ngaphantsi kolwandle, yaye iinduli zentaba-mlilo ezigudle iintanda zibizwa ngokuba ziinduli ezisembindini wolwandle. Irift yindawo enkulu yokuvuleka, yokwahlula, yokuqhekeka, kunye nokuqhekeka kumhlaba womhlaba.

Ezinye iimfihlakalo zendlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle

I-hypothesis yokuba i-meteorites ezikude kunye ne-comets zizaliswe ngamanzi zifuna iinkqubo ezinzima zempembelelo yomxhuzulane phakathi kweeplanethi ezinkulu kunye nezi zidalwa zasezulwini ukuzizisa apha ukusuka kwiindlela zazo ezikude. ULaurette Piani kunye neqela elivela kwiZiko leSizwe loPhando lwezeNzululwazi (CNRS, isifinyezo sesiFrentshi) kunye neYunivesithi yaseLorraine (eFransi) uzame ukubonisa enye indlela ecetywayo yokuchaza ukuba kutheni iyiplanethi eluhlaza.

Umhlaba wenziwe ngomxube wezinto eziphuma kwi-nebula ezavelisa isixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa. “Namhlanje siyazi ukuba iiplanethi ezisemhlabeni, eziquka uMhlaba, azizange zenzeke ngesiquphe, kodwa zahlanganiswa zisuka kumakhulu ezinto ezisesibhakabhakeni,” ucacise watsho uJosep Maria Terri, umphandi oyintloko weqela lezinto ezincinci kunye neMeteorites kwiziko leSayensi yeGo Space. CSIC) .-IEEC), e-Barcelona. "Izinto ezenza umhlaba ziya kubumba kufuphi nelanga, kwaye i-80 ukuya kwi-90 ekhulwini iya kuba yi-enstatite chondrites [ezona zimbiwa zininzi] okanye eziqhelekileyo," wongezelela.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle.