indlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle

Ukutyhubela imbali abantu baye babuza indlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kwakukholelwa ukuba uMhlaba nezinye izijikelezi-langa zenziwe ngezinto ezikhutshwa elangeni. Umfanekiso womhlaba usuka kwi-incandescent ukuya kushushu kwaye uphole ngokuthe ngcembe. Nje ukuba iphole ngokwaneleyo ukuze amanzi ajiye, umphunga wamanzi okwiatmosfera eshushu yomhlaba waguquka waba lulwelo kwaye waqala ukunetha imvula enkulu. Emva kweminyaka yale mvula ingakholelekiyo yamanzi abilayo, intsintsi kwaye igquma njengoko ibetha kumhlaba oshushu, izitya ezikumhlaba orhabaxa womhlaba zaye zaphola ngokwaneleyo ukuba zibambe amanzi, zizalise kwaye zenze iilwandlekazi.

Ngaba ngokwenene le yayiyindlela ezakhiwa ngayo iilwandlekazi? Kweli nqaku sikuchazela ngokweenkcukacha.

indlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle

Namhlanje, izazinzulu ziqinisekile ukuba uMhlaba nezinye izijikelezi-langa azizange zenzeke elangeni, kodwa ngamasuntswana adibana ngexesha elinye nelokukhula kwelanga. Umhlaba awuzange ufikelele kubushushu belanga, kodwa Yaba shushu kakhulu ngenxa yamandla ongquzulwano lwawo onke amasuntswana awayeyiyile. Kangangokuba ubunzima bayo obuncinane ngokwentelekiso ekuqaleni bebunganakho ukuqulatha umoya okanye umphunga wamanzi.

Okanye ngokufanayo, izinto eziqinileyo zalo Mhlaba usandul’ ukusekwa awunamoya okanye ulwandle. Zivela phi?

Kakade ke, amanzi (kunye negesi) abophene ngokukhululekileyo kwizinto ezinamatye ezenza indawo eqinileyo yeplanethi. Ingaphakathi liba shushu kwaye libe shushu njengoko indawo eqinileyo iya iqina phantsi kwamandla womxhuzulane. Irhasi kunye nomphunga wamanzi ziyagxothwa kwintlangano yazo yangaphambili kunye nelitye kwaye zishiye izinto eziqinileyo ngasemva.

Amaqamza amila kwaye aqokelelana adala umonakalo kuMhlaba omncinci, ngelixa ubushushu obukhutshiweyo bubangele ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo. Akukho nethontsi elinye lamanzi alulwelo eliye lawa esibhakabhakeni iminyaka emininzi. Kufana nomphunga wamanzi, onyukayo ukusuka kuqweqwe kwaye uyajiya. Iilwandle zenziwe ukusuka phezulu, kungekhona ngaphantsi.

Eyona nto ingavumelaniyo neengcali ngokwakheka komhlaba namhlanje lizinga okwakhiwa ngalo iilwandle. Ngaba wonke umphunga wamanzi wanyamalala kwisithuba esimalunga newaka lezigidi zeminyaka ukuze iilwandle zibe nobukhulu obuyiyo namhlanje ukususela ekuqalekeni kobomi? Okanye ngaba yinkqubo ecothayo apho ulwandle belukhula kwaye luqhubeka lukhula ngexesha le-geological?

imvula elwandle

Abo bacinga ukuba iilwandle zenziwe ekuqaleni komdlalo kwaye ziye zahlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala emhlabeni. Ngaphambili, xa iilwandle bekucingwa ukuba zincinci kakhulu. Babengabonakali bebakhulu kakhulu..

Kwelinye icala, abo bakholelwa ukuba ulwandle belusiya lunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe babonisa ukuba ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo lusakhupha umphunga omkhulu wamanzi emoyeni: umphunga wamanzi uphuma kumatye anzulu, kungekhona elwandle. Ukongeza, kukho iindawo zolwandle kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ezincopho zazo zithe tyaba zazikwinqanaba lolwandle kodwa ngoku zingamakhulu eemitha ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

Mhlawumbi ukulungelelana kunokufikelelwa. Kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba ngoxa iilwandle zinyuka, ubunzima bamanzi amileyo bubangela ukuba ulwandle luwohloke. Oko kukuthi, ngokwale ngqikelelo, ulwandle belusiya lusiba nzulu, kodwa alukho banzi. Oku kunokuchaza ubukho bala mathafa aselwandle, kunye nobukho bamazwekazi.

Amacwecwe eTectonic

Ukubunjwa kweelwandle eMhlabeni sisiphumo esingathanga ngqo seenkqubo zokuhambisa kwi-mantle eqhekeza i-crust. Konke kuqala ngoxinzelelo olwenziwa yi-magma phezu komhlaba. Olu xinzelelo kuqala lubangela ukuba uqweqwe loMhlaba lube buthathaka luze lugqabhuke. Nangona uxinzelelo oluqhutywa yi-magma lunolungelelwaniso oluthe nkqo, luqala kwi-axis yoxinzelelo olukhulu lwemagma. amandla othe tyaba ayenziwa aqhekeze uqweqwe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqhekeka okubanzi kwakha kwaye kwanda ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Njengoko ubunzima be-crustal buhlukana ngokuthe ngcembe, umphezulu uyatshona kwaye udakumba olukhulu lwenze (ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokwahlukana). Umsebenzi we-volcanic uyenzeka kolu xinzelelo (apho i-magma sele inamandla okubalekela ngaphandle), kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye njengoko ukudakumba kunyuka ngobubanzi, kuzalisa ngamanzi, ekugqibeleni kwakheka amanzi amaninzi njengoko siwazi. Njengolwandle nolwandle. Xa intaba-mlilo igqunyiwe, iba ngumgangatho wolwandle, yaye iinduli zentaba-mlilo ezigudle imiwonyo zibizwa ngokuba ziinduli ezisembindini wolwandle. Ukuqhekeka yindawo enkulu yokuvula, yokwahlula, yokuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka kuqweqwe loMhlaba.

Ezinye iimfihlakalo zendlela iilwandle ezakhiwe ngayo

I-hypothesis yokuba i-meteorites ezikude kunye ne-comets zizaliswe ngamanzi zifuna iinkqubo ezinzima zempembelelo yomxhuzulane phakathi kweeplanethi ezinkulu kunye nezi zidalwa zasezulwini ukuzizisa apha ukusuka kwiindlela zazo ezikude. ULaurette Piani kunye neqela elivela kwiZiko leSizwe loPhando lwezeNzululwazi (CNRS) kunye neYunivesithi yaseLorraine (eFransi) Bazamile ukubonisa enye into enokwenzeka ecetywayo ukucacisa ukuba kutheni iyiplanethi eluhlaza.

UMhlaba wenziwe ngomxube wezinto eziphuma kwinebula ezavelisa isixokelelwano selanga. “Namhlanje siyazi ukuba izijikelezi-langa ezisemhlabeni, kuquka noMhlaba, azizange zenzeke ngesiquphe, kodwa zahlanganiswa zisuka kumakhulukhulu ezidalwa zasesibhakabhakeni,” watsho uJosep Maria Terri, umcuphi oyintloko weQela Lezinto Ezincinane NeeMeteorites kwiGo Institute of Space Sciences. CSIC) .-IEEC), e-Barcelona. "Izinto ezenza umhlaba ziya kubumba kufuphi nelanga, kwaye i-80 okanye i-90 ekhulwini iya kuba yi-enstatite [amaminerali ayo amaninzi amaninzi] okanye i-chondrites eqhelekileyo," wongezelela.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle.