Siphila kwisijikelezi-langa esikwisijikelezi-langa, sona singqongwe zezinye iiplanethi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abanye abantu abayazi kakuhle inkcazo kwi yintoni iplanethi. Kwi-astronomy kunye nesayensi kukho inkcazo ngokweempawu kunye nokwakheka kwazo.
Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yintoni iplanethi, iimpawu zayo, ukubunjwa kunye nokunye okuninzi.
yintoni iplanethi
Iplanethi ngumzimba wesibhakabhaka ojikeleza inkwenkwezi enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibe kwi-hydrostatic equilibrium (phakathi komxhuzulane kunye namandla aveliswa ngumbindi wayo). le balance Ivumela ukuba igcine imilo yayo engqukuva, yongamele i-orbit yayo (ithintela ezinye izinto ekungeneni endleleni yayo) kwaye ayikhuphi ukukhanya kwayo, kunoko ibonakalisa ukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi ezitsalayo.
UMhlaba wethu, njengezinye izijikelezi-langa ezisixhenxe ezikwisijikelezi-langa, ujikeleza ilanga. Zombini zineempawu ezichaza izinto "njengeeplanethi," kodwa ziyahluka ngokubunjwa kwazo kunye nendawo eMhlabeni.
Iiplanethi zinokuqulunqwa ngezinto eziqinileyo kunye negesi eqokelelweyo. Izinto ezisisiseko eziqinileyo lilitye elenziwe nge-silicates kunye nentsimbi. Iigesi ikakhulu ziyi-hydrogen kunye ne-helium. Kwakhona ezi zijikelezi-langa zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomkhenkce, oquka imethane, iammonia, ikharbon diokside, namanzi.
Ubungakanani kunye neempawu zezi zinto ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweplanethi. Umzekelo, iiplanethi ezinamatye afana noMhlaba zenziwe ngamatye kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi kwaye, kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, iigesi. Ngokuchaseneyo, iiplanethi ezinegesi njengeJupiter ngokusisiseko zenziwe ngegesi kunye nomkhenkce.
Iimpawu zeeplanethi
Iiplanethi zesixokelelwano selanga zihlelwa ngokokwakheka kwazo kwaye zinokuba:
- iplanethi enamatye. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Earths" okanye "ihlabathi", zizibhakabhaka ezixineneyo ezenziwe ngamatye kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi. Iiplanethi iMercury, iVenus, uMhlaba kunye neMars luhlobo lwamatye.
- Iplanethi yegesi. Ikwaziwa njenge "Jovians", zizinto ezinkulu ezijikeleza ngokukhawuleza xa zithelekiswa noMhlaba. Ezi planethi zineatmosfera engqindilili kakhulu evelisa imagnethi eyomeleleyo, kwaye zineenyanga ezininzi. IJupiter, iSaturn, iUranus kunye neNeptune zonke ziiplanethi zegesi.
Iiplanethi zikwahlulwa ngokwendawo yazo kumgama ukusuka elangeni kwaye zinokuba:
- iplanethi engaphakathi. Zezona planethi zikufutshane elangeni, phambi kwebhanti leasteroid. ZiyiMercury, iVenus, uMhlaba kunye noMars.
- Iiplanethi zangaphandle. Zezona planethi zikude ukusuka elangeni, okwesibini kuphela kwibhanti ye-asteroid. Ngala: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus kunye neNeptune.
Ekubeni iPluto yafunyanwa ngo-1930, yayithathwa njengeplanethi de kwango-2006, emva kwengxoxo enzulu yamazwe ngamazwe, kwagqitywa ukuba i-Pluto iphinde ihlaziywe njenge "iplanethi encinci" yenkqubo yelanga kuba ayizange ihlangabezane neemfuno ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe. Enye yeempawu zeplanethi kukuba alunalawulo lwe-orbital (i-orbit yayo ayikho ngaphandle kwezinye izinto kwindlela yayo, ineesathelayithi ezintlanu ezinohlobo olufanayo lwe-orbit). I-Pluto yindawo encinci, enamatye, exoplanet kuba yeyona ndawo ikude yasezulwini ukusuka elangeni. Ukongeza kwiPluto, ezinye iiplanethi ezincinci ziye zaqatshelwa, kubandakanya iCeres, iHemea, iMakemake kunye ne-Eris.
Iiplanethi zenkqubo yelanga
Kukho iiplanethi ezisibhozo kwisixokelelwano sethu selanga, ngokulandelelana ukusuka kufutshane nelanga ukuya kwezona ndawo zikude:
- IMercury. Yeyona planethi incinci kwisixokelelwano selanga, inomzimba onamatye ofana noMhlaba, kwaye isiseko sayo sithatha phantse isiqingatha soMhlaba (ukuvelisa umhlaba owomeleleyo wamagnetic). Ayinazo iisathelayithi zendalo.
- UVenus. Yiplanethi yesithathu ngokobukhulu (ukusuka kweyona incinci ukuya kwenkulu), inobubanzi obufana noMhlaba kwaye ayinazo iisathelayithi zendalo.
- Umhlaba. Yiplanethi yesine emva kweVenus kwaye inesathelayithi yendalo enye kuphela: iNyanga. Yeyona planethi ixineneyo kwisixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa kwaye iyona kuphela enamanzi kumphezulu wayo.
- Mars. Yeyesibini iplanethi encinci kwaye yaziwa ngokuba "yiplanethi ebomvu" kuba umphezulu wayo ubomvu ngenxa ye-iron oxide. Ineesathelayithi zendalo ezimbini ezincinci: iPhobos kunye neDeimos.
- Umbhali. Yeyona planethi inkulu kwiplanethi yelanga. Igaseous, yenziwe ikakhulu yihydrogen kunye nehelium, kwaye inamashumi amathandathu anesithoba asathelayithi zendalo.
- ISaturn. Yiplanethi yesibini ngobukhulu (emva kweJupiter) kunye neplanethi yodwa kwisixokelelwano selanga ukuba nesangqa seplanethi (isangqa sothuli kunye namanye amasuntswana amancinci ayijikelezayo). Inesathelayithi ezichongiweyo ezingama-61, kodwa uqikelelo lubeka itotali malunga nama-200.
- Uranus. Yiplanethi yesithathu ngobukhulu kwaye ineatmosfera ebanda kakhulu kwisixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa. Umbindi wayo wenziwa ikakhulu ngumkhenkce namatye, kwaye kukho iisathelayithi zendalo ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ezifunyenweyo.
- Neptune. Yiplanethi yesine ngobukhulu kwaye inokwakheka okufanayo ne-Uranus, kunye nomkhenkce omninzi kunye nelitye ngaphakathi kwayo. Umphezulu wayo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yobukho begesi yemethane. Ichonge iisathelayithi ezilishumi elinesine.
Isathelayithi yendalo
Isathelayithi yendalo ngumzimba wesibhakabhaka ojikeleza enye inkwenkwezi (idla ngokuba yiplanethi) kwaye uyikhaphe kumjikelezo wayo ojikeleze inkwenkwezi. Ibonakala ngokuba qinile, incinci kunenkwenkwezi eyijikelezayo, kwaye inokuqaqamba okanye imfiliba. Ezinye iiplanethi zinokuba neesathelayithi zendalo ezininzi, ezinokuthi Zibanjelwe kunye ngumxhuzulane omnye komnye.
Isathelayithi yendalo yeplanethi yethu yiNyanga, eyikota yobubanzi boMhlaba kwaye iyinyanga yesihlanu enkulu kwisixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa. Umgama wayo ojikelezayo uphindwe kamashumi amathathu ubukhulu boMhlaba. INyanga ithatha iintsuku ezingama-27 ukujikeleza uMhlaba kwaye ijikeleze kwi-axis yayo, ngoko umgangatho ofanayo wenyanga uhlala ubonwa kumphezulu woMhlaba.
Iisathelayithi zendalo zahlukile kwiisathelayithi ezenziweyo. Le yokugqibela yenziwa ngabantu, kwaye ikwahlala ikwi-orbit ejikeleze into yasesithubeni, apho ihlala ikwi-orbit njengenkunkuma yasesithubeni emva kokuba ubomi bayo obuluncedo buphelile, okanye iyaqhekeka ukuba idlula kwi-atmosfera ekubuyeni kwayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni iplanethi, iimpawu zayo kunye neentlobo zeeplanethi ezikhoyo.