Iplanethi yethu inomzimba wasezulwini ojikeleza phezu kwayo eyaziwa ngokuba yinyanga. Nangona kunjalo, kukho into esiyibonayo ngexesha lasebusuku, abantu abaninzi abayazi ncam yintoni inyanga. Sithetha ngesathelayithi yethu ebangela amandla omxhuzulane aqala amaza kunye nezinye izinto eMhlabeni. Isathelayithi yethu ineempawu ezizodwa kunye neentshukumo ezahlukeneyo ezinomdla kakhulu ukuzazi.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele ukuba yintoni inyanga, iimpawu zayo, iintshukumo eziphambili kunye neekreyati zayo.
Yintoni inyanga
Inyanga yisathelayithi yendalo yomhlaba kunye nesathelayithi kuphela ephethwe ngumhlaba. Ewe, ngumzimba wasezulwini onamatye ngaphandle kwamakhonkco okanye iisathelayithi. Kukho iithiyori ezininzi zokuchaza ukwakheka kwayo, kodwa eyona yamkelweyo kukuba imvelaphi yayo yenzeka malunga nezigidi ezi-4,5 zeminyaka eyadlulayo, emva kokuba into efana noMars yadibana noMhlaba. Inyanga yenziwa ngala maqhekeza kwaye, emva kweminyaka eyi-100 yezigidi, i-magma etyhidiweyo yanyibilika yaza yadala uqweqwe lwenyanga.
Inyanga imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-384 emhlabeni. Emva kwelanga, sesona sibhakabhaka siqaqambileyo esibonwe emhlabeni, nangona umphezulu waso umnyama ngokwenene. Ujikeleza umhlaba ngeentsuku ezingama-400 zomhlaba (iintsuku ezingama-27 okanye iiyure ezingama-27) kwaye ujikeleza ngesantya esifanayo. Kuba ijikeleza kunye nomhlaba, inyanga inobuso obufanayo nobayo. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yangoku, kuyaziwa ukuba "ubuso obufihliweyo" bunemingxuma, iindawo zokudakumba ezibizwa ngokuba zii-thalassoids, kwaye azinalo ulwandle.
Ukuqwalaselwa kwenyanga kudala njengabantu. Igama lakhe liyavela kwimpucuko emininzi kwaye ikwayinxalenye yeentsomi zabo. Inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumjikelo woMhlaba: ilawula ukuhamba koMhlaba kwi-axis yawo, eyenza imeko-bume izinzile. Yintoni egqithisile, Ngunobangela wamaza omoya omhlaba ngenxa yokuba aveliswa ngumtsalane womxhuzulane, etsala amanzi ngenkani kwelinye icala kwaye ayitsale kwelinye, ebangela amaza aphezulu kunye namaza aphantsi.
Zeziphi iintshukumo ezenziwa yinyanga?
Ngenxa yobukho bamandla omxhuzulane phakathi kwenyanga nomhlaba, le sethelaythi nayo inentshukumo yendalo. Njengeplanethi yethu, inentshukumo ezimbini ezizodwa, ezibizwa ngokuba kukujikeleza kunye nokuguqulela emhlabeni jikelele. Ezi ntshukumo ziimpawu zenyanga kwaye zinxulumene nomsinga kunye nenqanaba lenyanga.
Udinga ixesha lokuba akwazi ukugqiba iintshukumo zakhe. Njengokuba, isangqa esipheleleyo sokuguqulela sithatha umyinge weentsuku ezingama-27,32. Into enomdla kukuba, oku kwenza ukuba inyanga ihlale isibonisa ubuso obufanayo, kwaye ibonakala ilungiswe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi zejiyometri kunye nenye intshukumo ebizwa ngokuba kukungcangcazela kwenyanga.
Xa umhlaba ujikeleza ilanga, inyanga nayo iyajikeleza, kodwa emhlabeni isempuma. Ngexesha lonke lokuhamba, umgama osuka enyangeni uye emhlabeni uyahluka kakhulu. Lo mgama uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuxa ujikeleze. Ngenxa yokuba umjikelo unochuku kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukude, ilanga linefuthe elibonakalayo kumxhuzulane walo.
Ukuhamba kwesathelayithi yethu ejikelezayo kungqamene noguqulelo. Ihlala iintsuku ezingama-27,32, ke sihlala sisibona icala elinye lenyanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinyanga esecaleni. Ngexesha lokujikeleza kwayo, yenza i-angle yokuthambekela kweedigri ezingama-88,3 ngokubhekisele kwinqwelomoya yokugqithela. Oku kungenxa yamandla omxhuzulane abakho phakathi kwenyanga nomhlaba.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Inyanga inendawo enamatye eqinileyo, kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuyo bubukho benani elikhulu leekratshi kunye nezitya zokuhlambela. Ngenxa yokuba umoya wayo ubuthathaka kakhulu kwaye phantse ungabikho, awunakumelana nefuthe le-asteroids, i-meteorites okanye ezinye izidalwa zasezulwini, ezivumela ukuba zingqubane nenyanga.
Impembelelo ikwavelise umaleko wenkunkuma, onokuba ngamatye amakhulu, amalahle, okanye uthuli olucolekileyo, olubizwa ngokuba ngumaleko ombiweyo. Umda omnyama sisitya esigutyungelwe lilava malunga neminyaka eyi-12-4,2 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye ummandla oqaqambileyo ubizwa ngokuba ziindawo eziphakamileyo. Ngokubanzi, xa inyanga igcwele, kubonakala ngathi yenza umfanekiso wobuso bomntu okanye umvundla ngokweenkcubeko ezithile, nangona eneneni ezi ndawo zimele ukwakheka okwahlukileyo kunye nobudala belitye.
Umoya wayo, obizwa ngokuba yi-exosphere, ubhityile kakhulu, ubuthathaka kwaye ubhityile. Ngenxa yoku kungqubana kweemeteorites, ii-comets kunye ne-asteroids ezinobuso ziqhelekile. Imimoya kuphela enokubangela uqhwithela luthuli olurekhodiweyo.
Umngxuma
Inzululwazi ziye zafunda ngobudala bamatye kwiplanethi yethu nasenyangeni. La matye avela kwindawo ephawuliweyo enokuchonga ukuba yenziwa nini le crater. Ngokufunda zonke iindawo zenyanga ezikhanyayo ngombala kwaye zibizwa ngamathafa, izazinzulu zifumene ulwazi malunga nokwakheka kwenyanga. Yenziwe malunga ne-460 ukuya kwi-380 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye amanye amatye awela phezu kwenyanga axele ukuba ayakheka ngokukhawuleza. I-shower shower ye-rock yamisa kwaye zimbalwa iikhrayrari ezenzileyo ukusukela ngoko.
Ezinye zeesampulu zamatye ezithatyathwe kwezi crater zibizwa ngokuba zizitya kunye iminyaka yayo imalunga ne-3.800 ukuya kwi-3.100 yezigidi zeminyaka. Kukho iisampulu zezinto ezinkulu ezinjenge-asteroid ezibetha inyanga xa ilitye layeka.
Kungekudala emva kwezi ziganeko, intaba-mlilo eninzi yazalisa zonke izitya zaza zayila ulwandle olumnyama. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni le mingxuma ilapha elwandle, kodwa kukho imiwonyo emininzi ethafeni. Kungenxa yokuba umphezulu wenyanga waqhushumbiswa zezi zijikelezi-langa ngethuba lokusekwa kwesixokelelwano selanga, akubangakho maninzi kangako lawa mlambo kwithafa elibangele ukuba imingxuma yantlandlolo inyamalale.
Elona cala likude lenyanga "linolwandle" olunye kuphela ke oososayensi bakholelwa ukuba lo mmandla imelwe yintshukumo yenyanga engama-4 ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ukufunda iikhritha enyangeni, kufuneka siqonde ukuma kwenyanga. Kwaye amathafa aliqela awayecaba okanye ayekhe aba yinxalenye yolwandle. Ayothusi into yokuba kukho nolwandle enyangeni. Eyona inkulu kuzo yiMare Imbrium, ebizwa ngokuba nguMar de Lluvia ngeSpanish, enobubanzi obumalunga neekhilomitha ezili-1120.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nenyanga kunye neempawu zayo.