Yintoni intwasahlobo

Ehlabathini kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amanzi amatsha. Enye yazo yi intwasahlobo. Uninzi lwazo lwaluthathwa njengeendawo ezingcwele kwiinkcubeko ezithile zakudala. Kukho imithombo esasazwe kwihlabathi liphela kwaye nganye yazo ineempawu ezizodwa. Uninzi lwazo lunempawu ezifanayo kwaye amanzi abo anezinga eliphezulu lokucoceka.

Kule nqaku siza kukufundisa yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nemithombo, iimpawu kunye neentlobo zazo.

Yintoni intwasahlobo

Iipesenti ezingama-70 zomhlaba ngamanzi. Le nto ibalulekileyo ebomini ivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye ihanjiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejografi. La manzi anokufumaneka elwandle, emachibini, emilanjeni, kwaye angabanda emkhenkceni. Nangona kunjalo, Amanzi ayazifihla emhlabeni, kwimithombo yamanzi okanye kumachibi angaphantsi komhlaba. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zemithombo kuya kusinceda siqonde ukuba yintoni amanzi entwasahlobo kwaye aphuma phi amanzi avela apho.

Amanzi entwasahlobo aphuma ekuhambeni kwamanzi emhlabeni okanye phakathi kwamatye anyukele phezulu. Amanye amanzi asentwasahlobo avuza imvula, ikhephu, okanye amatye angenanto yokwenza amanzi ashushu. Ke ngoko, ukuhamba kwemithombo ethile kuya kuxhomekeka kwixesha lonyaka nemvula, kubangela ukuba imithombo ebangelwe yiseepe yome ngamaxesha emvula ephantsi. Ngokuchasene noko, abo banezithuthi ezininzi banokusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngabantu bendawo. Imvelaphi yamanzi entwasahlobo yinto esivumela ukuba simisele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu zamanzi asentwasahlobo kukuba amsulwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba angaqwalaselwa elungele ukusetyenziswa ngabantu. Kungenxa yokuba amanzi afunyanwa ngqo kwidama elingaphantsi komhlaba. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-aquifer kudlala indima yokhuselo lwendalo ukuthintela ukuba amanzi angangcoliswa yenye imithombo yamanzi (njengemilambo okanye iilwandlekazi).

Nangona kunjalo, la manzi aphantsi kolawulo lomgangatho olungqongqo ukuze asetyenziswe. Ukukhutshwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwamanzi asentwasahlobo, inkampani kufuneka ibhaliswe kwiRegistry yoLondolozo lwezoKutya ngokuBanzi elawulwa yi-AESAN (iArhente yaseSpain yoKhuseleko loKutya kunye neSondlo). Nangona kunjalo, iSpain iseneenkampani ezininzi ezinikezelwe emanzini asebhotileni. Kuphela e-Castilla y León ngaphezulu kwe-600 yezigidi zeelitha zamanzi entwasahlobo ezibhotile minyaka le, emele kuphela i-10,5% yemveliso yesizwe.

Iindidi zentwasahlobo

Zintathu iintlobo zemithombo enokubonwa: imithombo ehleliyo, engapheliyo kunye nemithombo yobugcisa. Kwiindawo ezingapheliyo amanzi avela kubunzulu obungezantsi kwetafile yamanzi (indawo yokugcwalisa), apho ukuhamba kwamanzi kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo.

Ngentwasahlobo ethululayo amanzi avela xa inqanaba lamanzi lisondele kwinqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba; ke ngoko, amanzi ayo ahamba kuphela xa inqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba lifikelela kwelona nqanaba liphezulu, Oko kukuthi, ngexesha leemvula. Ekugqibeleni, Imithombo ye-Artesian yimithombo eyenziwe ngumntu. Zakhiwe ngenxa yokomba amaqula anzulu, kwaye inqanaba lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba liphezulu kunomhlaba.

Okwangoku, ngenxa yemisebenzi yoluntu, ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye i-aquifers kuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamanzi omhlaba akufumani xesha liyimfuneko lokuzihlaziya ngokutsha, eliguqulela ekwehleni kobungakanani bamanzi akhoyo.

Kwakhona, Ugcino olugqithisileyo lwamanzi omhlaba aluchaphazela ngokupheleleyo umgangatho wawo Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, kungafuneka sibukele le mijelo ixabisekileyo yomileyo isoma. Iingcali kule ndawo ziye zalumkisa ukuba ukuncitshiswa kwemithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kuyachaphazela, kubeka umngcipheko kwizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi

Kuya kufuneka sazi ukuba intwasahlobo ineempawu ezizodwa ezenza indawo encinci yendalo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lebhayiloji. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezikhethekileyo:

• Zibekwe kwi amathambeka eentaba kunye emazantsi emiwonyo okanye izakhiwo ezifanayo. Ulwandle lwabo lunokubonakala nasezantsi.
• Zenziwe xa kugcinwa ichibi elingaphantsi komhlaba ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi. La manzi avela kwimvula eninzi kwingingqi.
• Imithombo inokuba sisigxina kwaye ibe ye-ephemeral kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nelitye elenzayo. Iliwa linokucoca amanzi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Kuya kufuneka uhlalutye isixa samanzi esiwafumanayo kwitanki lokuphakamisa kwakhona.
• Imithombo eshushu ikwajongwa njengemithombo. Into eyahlukileyo kuphela kukuba amanzi angadlula kuma-40 degrees kubushushu.

Ukuze usebenzise amanzi avela emthonjeni, inkqubo yonyango lwamanzi kufuneka yenziwe kuqala. Xa amanzi entwasahlobo efikelela kwisityalo esinyanzelekileyo kunye / okanye esikhutshiweyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, inkqubo yokuguqula iyaqala. Okokuqala, amasuntswana amakhulu asuswa kwisihluzo sesanti. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, amanzi adlula kwisihluzi sekhabhoni, apho iklorine isuswe ngokufunxa, isenza amanzi acoceke ngakumbi. Kamva, Inkqubo ye-UV yenziwe ukuba kubulawe iintsholongwane emanzini xa kukhangelwa ii-microorganisms okanye iintsholongwane.

Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana

Imithombo ayisiyondawo enezinto ezininzi eziphilayo. Amanzi angapheliyo ahlala kwindawo yeentlanzi ezahlukeneyo zamanzi, kubandakanya ne-trout. Ezinye izilwanyana nasemanzini bahlala kulo ixesha elide, izilwanyana kunye neentaka zinokuza kusela amanzi, zihlaziye okanye zondle. Izinambuzane zixhaphake kakhulu kwindawo ezihlala kuyo.

Imithombo emikhulu inokuxhasa uluhlu olubanzi lweefom zobomi. Abanye, ngenxa yokuxinana kwekhabhon diokside okanye iiminerali emanzini abo, abanakho ukuxhasa ubomi beentlanzi okanye ezinye izilwanyana, kodwa banokugcina iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane. Xa kuziwa kutyani, zinokungqongwa phantse lulo naluphi na uhlobo, kubandakanya amahlathi kunye neendawo ezinengca, kuba azikhethi zodwa kubiomes okanye kwindalo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba iyintoni intwasahlobo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.