Sonke sibona iintaba kwindawo yethu imihla ngemihla. Noko ke, abanye abantu abazi yintoni intaba okanye indlela eyenziwe ngayo ngokwembono yokwakheka komhlaba. Intaba, eyaziwa ngokuba kukuphakama kwendalo komhlaba, yimveliso yamandla etectonic kwaye iqhele ukuphakama ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-700 ngaphezulu kwesiseko sayo. Le miphakamo yomhlaba idla ngokudityaniswa ibe ziintaba okanye iinduli, ezinokuthi zihlale ixesha elifutshane okanye zandiswe kumgama ongaphezu kwekhilomitha.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nokuba yintoni intaba, iimpawu zayo, ukubunjwa kunye nokunye okuninzi.
yintoni intaba
Iintaba ziye zatsala umdla wabantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, zihlala zinxulunyaniswa ngokwenkcubeko nokuphakama, ukusondela kuThixo (izulu), okanye njengesafobe sokuqhubeka sizabalazela ukufumana umbono omkhulu okanye ongcono. Inyaniso, ukunyuka intaba ngumsebenzi womzimba onxulumene nemfuno enkulu yomzimba kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sithathela ingqalelo iipesenti ezaziwayo zesijikelezi-langa.
Zininzi iindlela zokuhlela iintaba. Umzekelo, kuxhomekeke kubude bawo, zinokwahlulwa zibe (ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu): iinduli, iintaba eziphakathi kunye neentaba eziphakamileyo. Kwakhona, banokuhlelwa ngokwemvelaphi yabo: i-volcanic, i-folded (imveliso yeempazamo ze-tectonic) okanye i-fractures edibeneyo.
Okokugqibela, amaqela eentaba anokwahlulwa ngokwendlela adityaniswe ngayo: ukuba adityaniswe ngokokude, sizibiza ngokuba ziintaba, yaye ukuba adityaniswe ngokudibeneyo okanye angqukuva, sithi ziinduli.
Iintaba zigubungela ubukhulu bomhlaba: I-53% evela kuzwekazi wase-Asiya, i-25% evela eYurophu, i-17% evela e-Australia kunye ne-3% evela e-Afrika, kwi-24% iyonke. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-10% yabemi behlabathi abahlala kwiindawo ezisezintabeni, onke amanzi emilambo ahlala encotsheni.
ukwakha intaba
I-Orogeny yaziwa njengokubunjwa kweentaba kwaye emva koko iphenjelelwa yimiba yangaphandle efana nokhukuliseko okanye ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic.
Iintaba zivela ekuguqulweni koqweqwe lomhlaba, ngokubanzi ekudibaneni kweetectonic plates ezimbini, ngokusebenzisa amandla omnye komnye, nto leyo ebangela i-lithosphere folds ukuze enye i-vein yehle kwaye enye inyuke, ukudala ukuphakama kobukhulu obuguquguqukayo.
Kwezinye iimeko, le nkqubo yokothuka ibangela ukuba umaleko uzike ngaphantsi komhlaba uze unyibilike bubushushu, buze buvelise i<em>magma, ethi emva koko igqabhuke njengeentaba-mlilo phezulu.
iinxalenye zeentaba
Iintaba ngokubanzi ziquka:
- Emazantsi onyawo okanye ukubunjwa kwesiseko, ngokuqhelekileyo emhlabeni.
- ipico, incopho okanye incopho Incopho kunye nenxalenye yokugqibela, isiphelo sentaba, yafikelela kowona mphakamo uphakamileyo.
- ithambeka okanye isiketi sidibanisa unyawo oluthambekileyo lwentaba nomphezulu.
- Inxalenye yethambeka phakathi kweencopho ezimbini (iintaba ezimbini) ezenza ukudakumba okuncinci okanye isinki.
Imozulu yentaba
Iimozulu zeentaba zixhomekeke ngokubanzi kwizinto ezimbini: ubude bakho kunye nokuphakama kwentaba. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kuhlala kukho ubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric esezantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo i-5 ° C ngekhilomitha.
Kwenzeka okufanayo nangemvula, exhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ngoko unokufumana iindawo ezifumileyo kwindawo ephezulu kunasemathafeni, ngakumbi apho kuzalelwa khona imilambo emikhulu. Ukuba iyaqhubeka inyuka, ukufuma kunye namanzi aya kujika abe likhephu aze ekugqibeleni abe ngumkhenkce.
uhlaza lwasentabeni
uhlaza lwasentabeni kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimozulu kunye nendawo yentaba. Nangona kunjalo, xa unyuka, oko kwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe ngendlela enqabileyo. Ngoko ke, kwimigangatho ephantsi, kufuphi neenyawo, amathafa ajikelezileyo okanye amahlathi eentaba atyebile kwizityalo ezinemithi emide, enomthunzi.
Kodwa njengoko ikhula, iintlobo ezixhathisa ngakumbi zilawula, zithatha ithuba lokufuma kunye nemvula eninzi. Ngaphezulu kwendawo yemithi, unokuva ukungabikho kweoksijini kwaye uhlaza luya kuncitshiswa lube yingca, ngamatyholo amancinci kunye nengca. Ngenxa yoko, iincochoyi zithande ukuba zome ngakumbi, ngakumbi ezo zigqunywe likhephu nomkhenkce.
Iintaba ezintlanu eziphakamileyo
Iintaba ezintlanu ezinde ehlabathini zezi:
- INtaba i-Everest. Ikwiimitha ezingama-8.846 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo ehlabathini yaye ikwincopho yeeHimalaya.
- Iintaba ze-K2. Enye yeentaba ezinzima kakhulu ukunyuka emhlabeni, i-8611 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Imi phakathi kweTshayina nePakistan.
- Ihlathi laseCalgary. Imi phakathi kweIndiya neNepal, ikwiimitha ezingama-8598 ukuphakama. Igama layo liguqulela ngokuthi "Ubuncwane obuhlanu kwikhephu".
- eAconcagua. Kwimitha ye-6.962, intaba ikwi-Andes yase-Argentina kwiphondo laseMendoza kwaye yeyona ndawo iphakamileyo e-United States.
- amehlo anetyuwa, Nevada. Iyinxalenye yeentaba zeAndes, kumda ophakathi kweChile neArgentina. Yeyona ntaba-mlilo iphakamileyo ehlabathini inobude obuziimitha ezingama-6891,3.
iintlobo ezikhoyo
Ezi ntlobo zeentaba ezikhoyo:
- Intaba-mlilo. Zenza xa i-magma evela ngaphakathi eMhlabeni iqokelelwa kumagumbi e-magma kwaye ekugqibeleni ifikelele kumphezulu njengodaka. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, udaka lwentaba-mlilo nezinye izinto ezikhutshiweyo ziye zaqina zaza zazalana. Iintaba-mlilo ziintaba, kodwa asizizo zonke iintaba eziziintaba-mlilo.
- Isongiwe: Zombini ziyilwa xa amacwecwe amabini etectonic engqubana, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uqweqwe lomhlaba lugobe.
- yedome. Ziyilwa xa i-magma inyukela phezulu kodwa iqina ngaphambi kokuba igqabhuke. Ukubonakala kweencopho kunye neentlambo ngenxa yesenzo sezinto zangaphandle ze-geological.
- Amacwecwe. Ngokungafaniyo neentaba ezigobileyo kunye nedome, iipleyiti zetectonic ziyangqubana kwaye ziphakamise uqweqwe, kodwa azisongeki. Indawo yayo engaphezulu ayijongwanga, kodwa ithe tyaba.
- Iintaba ezenziwe ngeempazamo okanye ukugqabhuka. Zibonakala ngokuqhekeka koqweqwe lomhlaba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amatye anyuke esehla aze enze iindawo eziphakamileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni intaba kunye neempawu zayo.