yintoni inkanyezi enomsila

Kwi-astronomy, ii-comets zaziwa njengeentlobo ezithile zezinto ezihamba ngeenkwenkwezi, amalungu e-solar system eyenza ii-orbits zeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobude belanga. Uninzi lwee-comets zivela kwibhanti ye-trans-Neptunian yezinto ezixutywe nomkhenkce ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Kuiper, okanye nangaphezulu, i-Oort Cloud. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni inkanyezi enomsila kwaye zeziphi iimpembelelo enazo kwisijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-comet, zeziphi iimpawu zayo, imvelaphi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.

yintoni inkanyezi enomsila

IiComets zenza imijikelo elungeleleneyo njengoko zijikeleza ilanga, ezininzi zibuya emva kwamakhulu okanye kwanamawaka eminyaka. Umfanekiso wayo oqhelekileyo ngowomzimba oqaqambileyo ovali oshiya iindledlana okanye iikoma zerhasi ye-incandescent.

Ekuphela kwento ebonwa rhoqo kumphezulu woMhlaba yiHalley's Comet edumileyo. Noko ke, uhlolisiso lwee<em>comets, ingakumbi emva kokuveliswa kweteleskopu, luye lwaxhalabisa izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.

Kwezinye iimeko, imiqondiso ephindaphindwayo iye yatolikwa njengezihlabo, imithombo yesityhilelo, okanye imiqondiso yokuphela kwesinye isizukulwana nesiqalo sesinye. Iintsomi ezifana nenkwenkwezi yasebhayibhileni yaseBhetelehem inokuba yingcaciso eyimfihlakalo kwaba bahambi beenkwenkwezi.

iintlobo zeekayiti

Iikhomethi zinokuhlelwa ngokusekwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezimbini, eyokuqala ngumgama eziwuhambayo kwiindlela zazo kunye nohlobo lweendlela ezikuzo. Ngoko sinokuthetha malunga:

• Ixesha elifutshane okanye eliphakathi comets. Ngokuqhelekileyo zivela kwi-Kuiper Belt, i-50 Astronomical Units (AU) evela eLangeni.
• ixesha elide le-comets. Ezo zelifu le-Oort, phantse izihlandlo ezilikhulu ukusuka kumda wesijikelezi-langa.

Ngokukwanjalo, siyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwee-periodic comets kunye ne-aperiodic comets, eyokuqala ibe yeyo i-obits yazo ithatha iminyaka engama-200 okanye ngaphantsi ukugqiba; imizuzwana leyo imijikelo yayo iqala kwiminyaka engama-200. Ngokufanayo, ii-orbits zabo zinokuba elliptical, parabolic okanye hyperbolic.

Ekugqibeleni, iikhomethi zohlulwe ngokwamacandelo alandelayo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo:

• ikayiti encinci. Ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-1,5 yeekhilomitha.
• Ikhayithi encinci. Ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-1,5 kunye ne-3 yeekhilomitha.
• ikayiti ephakathi. Ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-6 yeekhilomitha.
• ikayiti enkulu. Ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-10 yeekhilomitha.
• ikayiti enkulu. Ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-50 yeekhilomitha.
• Inkanyezi kaGoliyati. Ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-50 ububanzi.

iinxalenye ze comet

IiComets zenziwe ngamalungu amabini acacileyo:

• Inyukliya. Idityaniswe yinto eqinileyo ye-comet, apho izakhi zayo zifunyanwa khona (ngokuqhelekileyo umkhenkce kunye neekhompawundi ze-inorganic, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulethe i-hydrocarbons), ngokusisiseko lilitye elihambayo.
• Ikoma. Ikwaziwa ngokuba lunwele, ngumzila wekhilomitha ubude owenziwe yigesi ekhutshwa yinkanyezi enomsila xa itshisa ilanga, okanye istardust kunye nenkunkuma eyishiya endleleni yayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iikoma ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zinokubonwa:
• Ikoma yesoda. Ibunjwa ngumphunga wamanzi okhutshwa ziicomets, ixhasa icala elahlukileyo lemitha yelanga.
• uthuli lwekoma. Idityaniswe ngobutyobo obuqinileyo becomet exhonywe emajukujukwini, xa isijikelezi-langa sethu singena kwiatmosfera yoMhlaba, ibangela imvula yeemeteor xa iplanethi yethu idlula kumjikelezo othile wenkanyezi enomsila.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iicomets ziza kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo, zidla ngokungalungelelananga, ukusuka kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukuya kumashumi eemitha ububanzi. Ukubunjwa kwayo yenye yezona mfihlakalo zixhaphakileyo kwi-astronomy, ngokuyinxenye isonjululwe ngu ukuqwalaselwa kokugqibela kweHalley's Comet ngo-1986.

IiComets ngoku ziyaziwa ngokuba ziqulethe amanzi amaninzi angumkhenkce, umkhenkce owomileyo, i-ammonia, i-methane, isinyithi, i-magnesium, i-sodium, kunye ne-silicates. Ukuqulunqwa okunjalo kubonisa ukuba i-comets inokuba yayiyinxalenye yezinto eziphilayo eziye zavelisa ubomi eMhlabeni.

Ngokufanayo, kucatshangelwa ukuba banokuba ngamangqina ezinto ezibonakalayo ekubunjweni kwesijikelezi-langa kwaye bagcine ngaphakathi kwiimfihlo ezibonakalayo malunga nemvelaphi yeeplanethi kunye nelanga ngokwalo.

U mzekelo

Ezinye zezona zidumileyo ze-comets zezi:

• Halley comet. Umjikelo weminyaka emalunga nama-76, ekuphela kwawo obonakalayo phezu komhlaba.
• Comet Hale-bop. Esinye seziganeko ekuthethwa ngazo kakhulu ngenkulungwane yama-1997, yavusa amarhe amaninzi xa yayisondele kuMhlaba ngo-XNUMX ngenxa yokuqaqamba kwawo okukhulu.
• Comet Borrelly. Ithiywe emva komfumani wayo, indoda engumFrentshi uAlphonse Borrell, yatyelelwa yi-US space probe Deep Space One ngo-2001.
• Coggia. Umboniso omkhulu we-aperiodic obonakala ngeso lenyama eMhlabeni ngo-1874. Watyelela isijikelezi-langa sethu kabini ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba sahlukane ngo-1882.
• IComet Shoemaker–Levy 9. Idume ngempembelelo yayo kwiJupiter ngo-1994, sabona impembelelo yokuqala ebhaliweyo embalini.
• Come Hyakutake. Yafunyaniswa ngoJanuwari 1996, yayikufutshane kakhulu noMhlaba ngaloo nyaka: inkanyezi enomsila yadlula owona mgama wayo ukufutshane kwiminyaka engama-200. Inokubonwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, ikhupha iiX-reyi ezininzi kwaye ithatha malunga neminyaka engama-72.000.

Halley comet

Nangona iyeyona comet idumileyo ehlabathini, abantu abaninzi abakayazi ukuba yintoni na. Yicomet enobungakanani obukhulu kunye nokukhanya okwaneleyo okunokubonwa eMhlabeni kwaye ikwajikeleza ilanga njengeplanethi yethu. Umahluko ngokuphathelele yena kukuba ngoxa umjikelo wethu wokuguqulela unyaka nonyaka, lowo weHalley’s Comet ubakho rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-76.

Abaphandi bebephanda ngokujikeleza kwayo ukusukela oko yagqityelwa ukubonwa kwiplanethi yethu, eyayingo-1986. I-comet yathiywa igama lesazinzulu esayifumanayo, u-Edmund Halley ngo-1705.. Uphononongo luthi ixesha elizayo xa inokubonwa kwisijikelezi-langa sethu kumalunga nonyaka wama-2061, mhlawumbi kwinyanga kaJuni noJulayi.

Ngokuphathelele imvelaphi, kucingelwa ukuba yenziwe kwi-Oort Cloud, ekupheleni kweSolar System. Kwezi ndawo, ii-comets ezivelayo zinendlela ende. Nangona kunjalo, Kucingelwa ukuba iHalley yayicutha umkhondo wayo kuba yayibanjwe zizigebenga ezinkulu zerhasi ezikhoyo kwiSolar System.. Esi sizathu sokuba inomkhondo omfutshane.

Ngokubanzi, zonke ii-comets ezine-trajectory emfutshane zivela kwi-Kuiper Belt kwaye ngoko ke eli bhanti libizwa ngokuba yimvelaphi ye-Halley's Comet.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-comet kunye neempawu zayo.