IiMeteorites bezisoloko zibonwa kwiimovie xa ziwela kwiplanethi yethu. Kubekho nentetho eninzi malunga nokuphela kweedinosaurs ngenxa yempembelelo yemeteorite kwindalo yethu. Nangona kunjalo, baninzi abantu abangazi kakuhle yintoni imeteorite Ngokobuchwephesha kwaye kuthetha ntoni ubukho bayo.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokuba yintoni i-meteorite, iimpawu zayo kunye nohlobo lwayo.
Yintoni imeteorite
Inkcazo yeemeteorites inokuthiwa njengesiqwenga somzimba wasezulwini owela emhlabeni okanye kuyo nayiphi na enye inkwenkwezi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba onamatye kufuneka ubenako ukufikelela kumphezulu weenkwenkwezi ushiya ngasemva umkhondo wokukhanya oqaqambileyo esikubiza ngokuba yimeteor.
Ke ngoko, iimeteorites aziweli emhlabeni kuphela, kodwa zinokufikelela nakweyiphi na enye inkwenkwezi: UMars, uVenus, umphezulu wenyanga, njalo
Ngokubhekisele emhlabeni, unomqobo wawo wendalo ukumelana nale meko: iatmosfera. Olu luhlu lwegesi lunokubangela uninzi lwezinto eziphakathi kweeplanethi ezifikelela kumoya wokubola ngaphambi kokuba zibethe umphezulu.. Ama-meteorite amakhulu aqhekeka abe ziingceba, ezinye zazo zinokufikelela emhlabeni.
Xa bedlula, bavelisa iimeteor esizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Xa le mibhobho yomlilo iqhuma emoyeni, ibizwa ngokuba yi-fireballs. Uninzi lweemeteorites azicacanga okanye zincinci xa zifika kumphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zinokufunyanwa kuphando olongezelelweyo kunye nohlalutyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
IiMeteorites zinemilo engaqhelekanga kunye nokwenziwa kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo. Ii <em> rock meteor ziqikelelwa ukuba zininzi ngakumbi kuneemeteor zentsimbi okanye ii <em> meteor zelitye lesinyithi (ubuncinci ngokuxhomekeke kwimpembelelo emhlabeni). Njengeekometshi, Uninzi lwazo luqulathe izinto ezivela ekusekweni kwenkqubo yelanga, ezinokubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo lwesayensi.
Ama-meteorites ahluka ngokobukhulu ukusuka kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwiimitha ezimbalwa, kwaye zihlala zibekwe embindini wale crater xa ziwa. Kungenxa yoko le nto uninzi lwazo lwafunyanwa ngexesha lokujongwa komhlaba kumakhulu okanye amawaka eminyaka kamva.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngeenxa zonke imeteorite ezili-100 zobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nokwenziwa kwazo zingena kumphezulu weplanethi yethu unyaka nonyaka, ezinye zincinci kakhulu kwaye ezinye zingaphezulu kwemitha ububanzi. Uninzi lwezinto ezingena emoyeni azikhuselekanga kukhukuliseko lomhlaba kwindlela yazo esezantsi, kodwa ezinye izinto ezininzi zinako. Ukuba ingqina liyibonile impembelelo yalo nomhlaba, lalibizwa ngokuba 'kukuwa', kwaye ukuba kwafunyanwa kamva, kwathiwa 'kukufumanisa'.
Ubhalisiwe kwaye ubhalisiwe malunga Ukuwa kwe-1.050 kunye nokufunyanwa okungama-31.000. Ama-meteorites anikwa igama lendawo apho bafunyanwa khona okanye babone ukuwa kwabo, zihlala zilandelwa kukudityaniswa kwamanani kunye neeleta zokwahlula kwezinye iimeteorites eziwe kwakule ndawo inye.
Ukuyilwa kwemeteorite
Ama-meteorites anokuvela kwimithombo emininzi. Ezinye ziyintsalela yokwakhiwa (okanye intshabalalo) yezinto ezinkulu zeenkwenkwezi (ezinje ngeesathelayithi okanye iiplanethi). Banokuba ngamaqhekeza asteroids, anje nge ezo ziphuphuma ibhanti ye-asteroid phakathi kweeplanethi zangaphakathi kunye neeplanethi ezingaphandle yesixokelelwano sethu selanga.
Kwezinye iimeko, bahlukane ne-comet, belahlekelwa ziincinci ezincinci ekuvukeni kwabo. Emva kokuba enye yale mvelaphi, isadada okanye iphoswe emajukujukwini ngesantya esiphezulu ngenxa yokuqhushumba okanye ezinye izinto ezifanayo.
Iindidi zeemeteorites
Kuxhomekeka kwimvelaphi, ukwakheka okanye ubude beemeteorite ezinazo, zihlelwa ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo. Masibone ukuba loluphi udidi olubaluleke kakhulu ngokwezi paramitha:
Amandulo amaMeteorite: Ezi meteorites zikwabizwa ngokuba ziichondrites kwaye zivela ekusekweni kwenkqubo yelanga. Ke ngoko, azizukutshintsha ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji kwaye zihlala zingatshintshi kangangesithuba seebhiliyoni eziyi-4.500.
- I-chondrite yeCarbonaceousKukholelwa ukuba zezona chondrites zikude elangeni. Ekubunjweni kwayo sinokufumana i-5% yekhabhoni kunye ne-20% yamanzi okanye iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Ichondrites eziqhelekileyo: Zizona chondrites zixhaphakileyo ezifikelela eMhlabeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo zivela kwi-asteroids ezincinci, kwaye i-iron kunye ne-silicate ziyabonwa ekubunjweni kwazo.
- I-chondrite enstatites: Azininzi kakhulu, kodwa ukubunjwa kwazo kukuphela kwento efana nokubunjwa kweplanethi yethu. Ke ngoko, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ukudityaniswa kwazo kuya kukhokelela ekubunjweni kweplanethi yethu.
- Amatye e-meteorites: Olu hlobo lweemeteorite sisiphumo sokudibana okanye ukungagqitywa ngokupheleleyo komzimba ophambili wemvelaphi, kwaye kwenzeka inkqubo ye-metamorphic ngaphakathi.
- Achondrites: Ngamatye anqabileyo avela kwamanye amajelo esibhakabhaka kwinkqubo yelanga. Ngesi sizathu, igama labo linxulumene nemvelaphi yabo, nangona uninzi lwabo lunemvelaphi engachazwanga.
- Intsimbi: Ubume bayo busekwe ngaphezulu kwe-90% yesinyithi, kwaye imvelaphi yayo sisiseko seasteroid enkulu, ekhishwe kwimpembelelo enkulu.
- Isinyithi: Ukubunjwa kwayo kulingana nesinyithi kunye ne-silicon. Bavela ngaphakathi kwi-asteroids ezinkulu.
Umahluko nge asteroids
Ngamanye amaxesha, imeteorite kunye neasteroid zisetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyinyani ngokupheleleyo, kukho umahluko phakathi kweekhonsepthi ezimbini.
Iiasteroids Zizidalwa zasezulwini ezinamatye ezijikeleza ilanga kunye neNeptune, ngesiqhelo ukujikeleza phakathi kweMars kunye neJupiter. I-meteorite yincinci encinci yale asteroid engakwazi ukubola kwi-atmosfere kwaye ifikelele kumhlaba.
Ngokokuma kwabo kwinkqubo yelanga, ukuba bajikeleza phakathi kukaMars noJupiter, banokuhlelwa njengabakwi-asteroid belt, ukuba bajikeleza kufutshane nomhlaba, banokuhlelwa njenge-NEA okanye i-asteroid, ukuba bakwi-orbit YeJupiter. YeyaseTrojans, ukuba ibekwe ngaphandle kwenkqubo yomhlaba okanye kwii-asteroids ezifanayo, kuba zibanjwe ngumxhuzulane woMhlaba.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-meteorite kunye neempawu zayo.