Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamanzi ehlabathini, kuxhomekeke kumthombo wawo, ukwakheka, indawo, njl. Ulwandle, imilambo kunye namachibi yimithombo yemisebenzi yabantu kunye nokubonelela ngamanzi okusela kubemi babo. Abantu abaninzi abazi kakuhle ayintoni na amanzi phantsi komhlaba, njengoko zikhutshwa kwaye zinokuselwa ebantwini.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kukuxelela kweli nqaku ukuba yintoni amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kubantu.
Yintoni amanzi aphantsi komhlaba
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba bubutyebi bendalo bamanzi acocekileyo afumaneka kumphezulu womhlaba. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kulwakhiwo lwejoloji olungangenekiyo olubizwa ngokuba zii-aquifers. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yabantu kunye nokugcinwa kwe-ikhosistim.
I-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (FAO) ichaza olu hlobo lwamanzi njengamanzi afumaneka ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye ahlala kwimingxuma kunye neentanda zamatye. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba agcinwa kwiindawo apho amanzi agcinwa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo elifana nelo lommandla akhoyo. Ezi ndawo zibizwa ngokuba zii-aquifers kwaye ziyimizobo yejoloji eyenziwe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo anemingxuma kunye namaleko angenamanzi anokugcina amanzi amatsha phantsi komhlaba.
Kweminye imimandla ebandayo, la manzi adla ngokuba ngumkhenkce. Endaweni yoko, kwimimandla eyinkqantosi okanye eyinkqantosi, bangumthombo ekukuphela kwawo wamanzi amatsha kulo mmandla.
Enye ingongoma ephambili yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba yindima yawo esisiseko kumjikelo wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Kwelinye icala, amanzi emvula angena emilanjeni nasemachibini aze afikelele phezulu njengemithombo. Kwelinye icala, enye inxalenye yalo mthombo iyahluza emhlabeni ize ifike kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, apho inokuhlala iminyaka emininzi. Kwakhona, amanye ala manzi aphantsi komhlaba ahamba emhlabeni aye elwandle, nto leyo egcina umjikelo wamanzi ulungelelene.
Enziwa njani amanzi aphantsi komhlaba?
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba aveliswa xa imvula ingena kwimingxuma yomhlaba. Le mvula inokuba yimvula okanye ikhephu.
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba enziwa xa amanzi emvula esiwa emhlabeni kwaye amanye amanzi ahamba kwimisinga engaphezulu ukuya kwimilambo namachibi. Noko ke, enye inxalenye yale mvula imanzisa umhlaba ngokungena kuwo. La manzi ahluziweyo aqokelelwa kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-aquifers.
Olu hlobo lwamanzi lunokuzifihla kwizigidi zeminyaka, kwaye kuxhomekeke kubunzulu bawo, kulula ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi ukuwafumana kunye nokufikeleleka kuwo. Kwakhona, ziluncedo kushishino nezolimo, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuxhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zobomi.
Mangaphi amanzi aphantsi komhlaba akhoyo emhlabeni?
NgokweZiko loVavanyo lweMithombo yaManzi aphantsi komhlaba (IGRAC), ubungakanani bamanzi kumphezulu woMhlaba. iphantse ibe yi-1.386 yezigidi zeekyubhiki zeekhilomitha. Ukuthetha ngeepesenti, sinokuthi i-70% yeplanethi yethu ngamanzi. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamawaka amabini, eli nani lisahleli lifana: alinciphi kwaye alinyuki.
Kule 1.386 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zamanzi, i-96,5% ngamanzi anetyuwa. Ubungakanani bamanzi amatsha eMhlabeni yi-3,5% kuphela yetotali. Amashumi alithoba eepesenti ezi zixhobo zifumaneka kwindawo engumkhenkce yase-Antarctica. Kwabanye, kuphela i-0,5% yamanzi ahlambulukileyo afumaneka kwintlenga engaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye amanye (0,01%) afumaneka emilanjeni nasemachibini. Ngoko ke, ubungakanani bamanzi aphantsi komhlaba mancinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo wamanzi afumaneka e-Antarctica.
Ngoku baxhatshazwa ngokugqithisileyo kwaye bangcoliswe yimisebenzi yabantu, Oku kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kubemi abaxhomekeke kula manzi. Amanzi atsalwa kule mithombo ngokukhawuleza kunokungena okanye ukuzaliswa ngokwendalo.
Iziphumo zibalulekile, njengoko ukunciphisa lo mthombo unqongopheleyo kunokukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zemveliso okanye iingxaki kwiindlela zamanzi. Kwakhona, umgangatho wamanzi wale mithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba unokuchaphazeleka. Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, sinokukubona ukubhanga kwale mithombo ixabisekileyo.
Kutheni amanzi aphantsi komhlaba abalulekile?
Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba ngowona mthombo uphambili wamanzi afanele ukuselwa ngabantu phantse isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi. Oku kucaciswa liZiko loVavanyo lweziBonelelo zaMazwe ngaMazwe aphantsi komhlaba (IGRAC). Kodwa ngaphezu koko, la manzi abalulekile kulondolozo lwendalo eyohlukeneyo yoMhlaba.
Ukongeza kusetyenziso, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba ngumthombo oxabisekileyo kwezolimo nokutya. Umntu angaphila ngeelitha ezimbini zamanzi ngemini, kodwa siyalibala ukuba ukutya esikutyayo nako kufuna ukuba obu butyebi buveliswe.
Olunye ujoliso kuphononongo lwethu lwangaphambili yindima ebalulekileyo amanzi aphantsi komhlaba anayo kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi kumjikelo wamanzi. Ebudeni beenyanga zembalela, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba anceda ukugcina imilambo, amachibi nemigxobhozo iqukuqela.
iingxaki zosulelo
Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezenziwa ngabantu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kuchaphazela kakhulu ubutyebi bamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kobu butyebi okanye utshintsho kusetyenziso lomhlaba luchaza ezi ndlela zinciphayo kwimithombo yamanzi. Ngokunjalo, kufanelekile ukuqaqambisa ukusasazeka kwedolophu kunye nefuthe layo kwi-aquifers.
Balumkisa kwiFAO ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuphucula indlela esisebenzisa ngayo esi sixhobo, ngakumbi kwezolimo, elinye lamacandelo ayimfuneko kakhulu kuphuhliso nemveliso.
Ezi kunye nezinye izizathu ezininzi zenza amanzi aphantsi komhlaba abe yi-protagonist yoSuku lwaManzi lweHlabathi ngoMatshi 22. Yadalwa yiZizwe eziManyeneyo ukubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo kumlo wokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ii-aquifers zibonwa njengamahlakani ethu xa sijongana neziphumo eziyingozi zengxaki yemozulu, ke ngoku ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili kuyimfuneko ukuyikhusela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nokubaluleka kwawo kwiplanethi.