Ngaphakathi kwiinzululwazi ezifunda iplanethi yethu yijoloji. Umntu ofundayo kwaye azilolonge kwi geology waziwa ngegama legeologist. Baninzi abantu abangaziyo yenza ntoni ingcali yokwakheka komhlaba.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele ukuba yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yokwakheka komhlaba kunye nokuba yintoni ukubaluleka kwayo kulondolozo lweplanethi.
Wenza ntoni ingcali yokwakheka komhlaba?
Ukungena kweli hlabathi lophando kunye nolwazi lomhlaba, kufuneka siqale siqonde ingcamango yezi ngcali, yintoni i-geologist, into ayenzayo, ojongene nokufunda imvelaphi nomhlaba. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo koMhlaba, kuthathelwa ingqalelo yonke imithombo yendalo enokubonelela ngayo.
Iinjineli zejoloji zimele umsebenzi ojongene nokuphanda, ukuphanda, ukuqonda kunye nokuphonononga yonke into enxulumene nomhlaba esihlala kuwo, kuquka iilwandle, amachibi, amahlathi nayo yonke into ebangqongileyo kolu phononongo.
Yintoni i-geologist kunye into ayenzayo inento eninzi yokwenza nofundo lwamatye, imihlaba, iifosili neentaba. Ndiyabulela kubo, ukuguquka kobuntu, ukuhlukana kwamazwekazi, ukubunjwa kwezakhiwo zejoloji, ukubunjwa kweentaba-mlilo kunye nenkqubela phambili eninzi kwiingxaki zejoloji kubangele ukufunyanwa okukhulu.
Iinjineli zeJoloji zenza imisebenzi emininzi kwinjongo yazo yokuqonda iplanethi kunye nokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yabantu ngaphandle kokuba neziphumo ezibi kwiplanethi.
Yintoni ingcali yokwakheka komhlaba kunye nento ayenzayo iya kugxila kwiinjongo ezithile ngokuxhomekeke kwisebe le-geology ayincutshe kulo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, ezi ngcali zinoxanduva lokuqonda nokwenza:
- Funda ubume bangaphakathi nangaphandle boMhlaba.
- Funda ukuhanjiswa kweetectonic plates.
- Baphanda ngeemozulu ezidlulileyo.
- Baphanda ngokutsalwa kwezimbiwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-oyile negesi kunye nophando lwemithombo yamanzi.
- Zithintela iintlekele zemvelo.
Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba yintoni i-geologist kunye nento ayenzayo, ukongeza kule misebenzi, iingcali kwintsimi ziye zachonga. oonobangela beenyikima, amaxesha omkhenkce, ukuvela kobomi, kunye neendlela ezichongiweyo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ukutsalwa kweoli Iingcamango ezininzi, ezinjengobugcisa obutsha nendlela yokuthintela ukudilika komhlaba, ziye zasetyenziswa zaza zafumana imiphumo emihle.
Amasebe ezifundo ze-geologist
Maninzi amasebe ejoloji, kodwa onke agxininise ngendlela enye okanye enye kulondolozo nokufunda iplanethi. Makhe sijonge awona masebe abalulekileyo ukuqonda ukuba yintoni i-geologist kunye nento ayenzayo:
Ubunjineli beJoloji
Ukusuka kwi-geoengineering, uyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo ukuya kuphando olusetyenzisiweyo ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lokusingqongileyo, ukugcinwa komhlaba, ukuthintela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, njl., ukwenza iiprojekthi ezisekelwe ekuphepheni iimpembelelo zendalo.
IJoloji yokuSingqongileyo
Ukusombulula iingxaki zokusingqongileyo yinxalenye yejoloji kunye nomsebenzi wakhe. Ukusuka kwi-geology yokusingqongileyo, ukufunda kunye nokulawulwa kobunzima emanzini, emhlabeni, kwizilwanyana, kwizityalo, kwimisebenzi yabantu kunye neenkqubo zendalo.
Geochemistry
Yintoni i-geologist kunye nomsebenzi wakhe kwi-geochemistry inxulumene nokufunda kunye nokwakhiwa kwamatye kunye nolwelo. Ukongeza, ihlalutya iinkqubo zamachiza ukuba zenzeka kumbindi woMhlaba kunye nemigangatho yawo yangaphandle.
i-geomorphology
Uphononongo utshintsho kumphezulu womhlaba ezibangelwa reactions ezahlukeneyo imichiza, indaleko kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo yinxalenye yemisebenzi ezi ngcali.
I-Geophysics
Yintoni i-geologist kunye nomsebenzi wakhe kukufunda i-geophysics, equka ukuhlalutya iinyikima, iziphumo ze-gravitational, i-geomagnetism, njl. Yintoni eyenziwa yi-geophysicists kukujonga iidiphozithi zeminerali kunye neoyile.
IHydrogeology
Eli sebe liphonononga amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu, ukuziphatha kwawo phantsi kweempembelelo zendalo, ubunzima bawo kunye nokuhamba kwawo.
Oceanography
Kukho iingcali kwinkalo ye-oceanography kwintsimi, ukusebenza kwisifundo somgangatho wolwandle, ichemistry yolwandle, i-meteorological oceanography, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nokufundwa kwamaza kunye nemisinga. Iingcali zokwakheka komhlaba zaselwandle zikolu qeqesho.
paleontology kunye neefosili
Izazi zenzululwazi ngokwakheka komhlaba zifunda iifosili, ukusuka kwiintsholongwane ukuya kwiidinosaurs.
Sedimentology
Ukufunda intlenga yoMhlaba, indlela edityaniswe ngayo, ixubene nendlela eba ngamatye entlenga ikwayinxalenye yomsebenzi wezi ngcali.
Inzululwazi yenyikima
Iinyikima, imithombo elawulwayo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo luphononongwa ngeseismology kwaye luluncedo kakhulu ekuqikeleleni iinyikima eziyingozi, ukwenza imephu yangaphakathi yeeplanethi kunye nokuhlola izixhobo.
Ulwakhiwo lobume bomhlaba
Uphononongo lokuguqulwa kwamatye, iitectonics zepleyiti, kunye ne-fault deformation yinxalenye yomsebenzi we-geologist yolwakhiwo.
Amandla angaqhelekanga kunye neengcali ze-geologists zexesha elizayo
Yintoni ingcali yokwakheka komhlaba kunye nento ayenzayo ikwahambelana nokufunda amandla asemhlabeni, amandla e-geothermal, amandla omoya kunye namandla olwandle. Le yintsimi ekhulayo ekhuthaza iiprojekthi ezibaluleke kakhulu kulondolozo lweplanethi.
Intaba-mlilo kunye neentaba-mlilo
Ukufunda ngeentaba-mlilo, ukumila kwazo, indawo ezikuyo, kunye nokuqikelela ugqabhuko-dubulo lwazo yenye yezinto ezenziwa ziingcali ngokuma komhlaba, kwaye ukwafunda namatye aveliswe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zogqabhuko-dubulo nogqabhuko-dubulo lwendalo.
Ngokubanzi, i-geology ibonakala igxile kwiinkalo ezininzi zesayensi kunye uphando, i-oyile, amalahle, igesi yendalo, i-geothermal, imigodi okanye imigodi, ukucwangciswa kokusetyenziswa komhlaba, isinyithi, ezolimo, ezi zezinye zezifundo ezichaza into eyenziwa yi-geologist.
Uphando olwenziwa zezi ngcali lunamandla okunciphisa impembelelo okanye umonakalo obangelwa yintlekele yendalo kunye neengozi ezinokuqikelelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Alithandabuzeki elokuba eli likhondo elinomvuzo, kwaye ulwazi lwethu ngesijikelezi-langa sethu esihle kungenxa yophando lwakho olunzulu.
umvuzo wejoloji
Ngokubhekiselele kumvuzo wengcali yokwakheka komhlaba, kuya kuxhomekeka kulwazi namava anawo, ngale ndlela, umvuzo umalunga noku kulandelayo:
- Iingcali zeJoloji ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye wamava zizuza umvuzo wonyaka wama-48,769 eerandi.
- Ukuba ixesha lakho kwimarike yomsebenzi liphakathi kweminyaka emi-1 ukuya kwemi-4, umyinge womvuzo wengcali yokwakheka komhlaba yi-53,093 yeedola ngonyaka.
- Phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 kunye ne-9 yamava, uya kufumana uqikelelo lwe-$65,720 ngonyaka.
- Ukuba i-geologist ineminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 ubudala kodwa ingaphantsi kwama-20, umvuzo wakhe wonyaka uya kuba $78.820.
- Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 yamava, umvuzo wakho wonyaka uya kuba malunga $97.426.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nento eyenziwa yi-geologist kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.