Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ingxelo yenzululwazi eyapapashwa kwi «Iingxelo zeNzululwazi» 7 (inombolo yenqaku ngu-5828 ka-2017), yanika ngaphezulu kwezigqibo ezothusayo. UMethane ubanjiswe ngumkhenkce waseArctic. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kobuzaza balo msitho, kufuneka kuqala sikhumbule ukuba zizipokotho zerhasi yemethane ebambeke emkhenkceni ethi, xa ithe yaphoswa, yonakalise umphelo. Ukukhutshwa kwegesi yemethane kunefuthe elinamandla kakhulu kwigreenhouse. Ngama-20/30 amaxesha anamandla ngakumbi kwaye ayalunganga ngokubhekisele kwi-carbon dioxide.
Ngokwezibalo zezifundo, irhasi yemethane ngunobangela wesithathu wokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu emhlabeni. Ingxaki apha ilele kunkululeko yaloo methane yayibanjiwe yaza yaqokelelwa phantsi komkhenkce, ngoku ikhutshiweyo. Ukuphelisa i-permafrost, ebizwa ngokuba yiyantlukwano ukusuka kumanqanaba akutshanje kunye neqabileyo, ayenziwe ePleistocene. Impembelelo enokuthi ibenayo iya kuba phezulu ngenxa yempembelelo yempendulo yayo. Irhasi yemethane ekhutshiweyo inyusa ukufudumala, okunyusa ukunyibilika, okunyusa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-methane kwiindawo ezingazukuphinda zikhenkcezwe ... njl.
Senziwe njani isifundo?
Olu phononongo, olwaluqhutywa kwi-13.000km2 delta yaseMackenzine. Yeyona delta yesibini yeArctic. Indawo efundwayo yayiyi-320km ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma kunye ne-240km ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Imilinganiselo yathathwa yangeniswa ngenqwelomoya yesiphekepheke 5 kwiAlfred Wegener Helmholtz Institute, iZiko leeNzululwazi zePolar kunye neMaribas. Nangona uphononongo lupapashwe kutshanje, ixesha ebelithathe isifundo kwinqwelomoya beliphakathi kuka-2012 no-2013. Kuquka iintsuku ezi-5 zokubhabha kunye neendlela eziyi-44 zokubhabha kunyaka wokuqala, kunye neentsuku ezisi-7 zokubhabha kunye nama-40 Imizila kunyaka wesibini.
Imilinganiselo yesiphekepheke yenziwa nge-header yempumlo emi-3, kubandakanya iprojekhthi enemingxunya emi-5 yokulinganisa i-vector yomoya eyi-3D eyayibekwe ngaphambili kwinqwelomoya. Isampulu yomoya yathatyathwa kwindawo yokungena ngaphezulu kwe-cockpit, kwaye kuphela kugxilwe kwigesi ye-methane kwi-RMT-200 ngo-2012. Ngo-2013, yahlaziywa ngohlalutyo olukhawulezayo lweGesi yeGreenhouse Gesi FGG24EP, kuzo zombini igesi yemethane, icarbon dioxide kunye nomphunga wamanzi.
Zeziphi izigqibo ezithathwa kolu phando?
Olu pho nonongo luqhutywe kwi-permafrost ye-Mackenzie Delta, eCanada. Ukukhutshwa kwegesi enamandla emethane anamava alinganiswa kwi-10.000km2. I-Permafrost yaboniswa isebenza njenge-ice sheet enkulu egcina izimbiwa kunye nezixhobo ze-fossil.
Ukucocwa kweprfafrost
Okokuqala, ukuceketheka kwe-permafrost kwimozulu eshushu akunakuphumela kuphela kukonyuka kwegesi yemethane ye-biogenic. Kodwa kukonyusa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-methane yegesi, ethi ibanjiswe ngoku phantsi kweprostafrost eqhubekayo. Njengoko iindlela ezintsha zokuphuma zivulekile ngenxa yokunyibilika komkhenkce.
I-permafrost ebambekayo eAlaska. Ifoto ibonelelwe yi-NASA
Zininzi iindawo ngaphandle kwale ifundwe ngeemeko ezifanayo
Okwesibini, eminye imimandla yeArctic enerhasi yendalo kunye noovimba beoyile, ngoku egutyungelwe yimeko yokugungxela amanzi eqhubekayo, inokubandakanywa xa kusingathwa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-methane yexesha elizayo, ukuba unyibiliko olusisigxina lwe-permafrost luyaqhubeka.
Impendulo
Okwesithathu, iziphumo ezifunyenwe zizazinzulu zibonisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwegesi yemethane yegesi kukufaka igalelo elibonakalayo kwimpembelelo yengxelo. Isimo sezulu seCafafrost-Carbon-Climate (ngakumbi ubuchwepheshe). Ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezinomkhenkce osengozini yokunyibilika kwaye ngenxa yoko zifanelwe kukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi.
Umonakalo obangelwe kukufudumala komhlaba ubonakala ngokucacileyo kuwo onke amazwe. Umbuzo ngowokuba kuya kwanela nje ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, okanye kuya kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphezulu ngalo. Isangqa esikhohlakeleyo esingenisiweyo, kubonakala ngathi asizukuma nje kanjalo.