Siyazi ukuba kwimozulu kunokubakho iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile. Isimo sezulu esinje sinokuchaphazeleka kuqhushumbo olukhulu lwentaba-mlilo. Eyaziwayo unyaka ngaphandle kwehlobo ukusuka ngo-1816 yayiyinto efanelekileyo yokubonakalisa ukuba zeziphi iinkalo zeplanethi ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu imozulu.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nonyaka ngaphandle kwehlobo kunye nokuba ezinye zeemeko ziyichaphazela njani imozulu yehlabathi.
Unyaka ngaphandle kwehlobo
Ngenxa yokuqhuma kweNtaba iTambora, eyintaba-mlilo eseBagua yayo phakathi kuka-Epreli 5 no-10, 1816, amafu amakhulu nothuli akhutshelwa emoyeni. Ngabantu abangaphezulu kwama-12.000 abaswelekileyo kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala, ikakhulu ebangelwa kukuwa komlotha kunye nokuhamba kwemilambo. Emva koko, abanye abantu abangama-75.000 babulawa yindlala nezifo emva kolu dubulo lukhulu kwiminyaka engama-2.000 XNUMX.
Ukuba lelinye lawona magqabantshintshi makhulu ehlabathini, kukhutshwe izigidi zeetoni zomlotha wentaba-mlilo kunye nezigidi ezingama-55 zeetoni zesalfure dioxide ubude beekhilomitha ezingama-32 emoyeni. Ngaphandle kogqabhuko-dubulo, umoya wawunemisinga enamandla eyatsala amafu asasazekileyo asentshona. Oku kwenza ukuba yonke into ekhutshwe yintaba-mlilo ijikeleze umhlaba kwiiveki nje ezimbini.
Kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva le misinga yafikelela kwiNyakatho yePole naseMzantsi Pole. Amasuntswana esalfure ocoliweyo amiswa emoyeni iminyaka. Ngehlobo lonyaka emva kogqabhuko-dubulo, isigqubuthelo somlotha esiphantse savela sagubungela umhlaba wonke. Eli cala lihambayo libonisa ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye alivumeli imitha ukuba ifike ngaphezulu, ukunciphisa amaqondo obushushu eplanethi iphela. Ukongeza, ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela. Kungenxa yoko le nto unyaka ongenalo ihlobo wenzeka ngonyaka we-1816.
Ayilulo naluphi na uhlobo lwempindezelo yobuthixo njengoko bekucingelwa ngelo xesha, kodwa zezona zigqabhuko zinzulu zeentaba-mlilo. Oku kubangela ukuba imozulu ipholile ngamaqondo aliqela iminyaka.
Impembelelo zonyaka ngaphandle kwehlobo
Impembelelo epheleleyo yokupholisa iplanethi iphela yafunyanwa kwiTambora cataclysm kwaye ayizange iqale ukuqatshelwa kude kube ngunyaka kamva. Amafu okusasaza amathontsi kwi-stratosphere anciphise inani lamandla elanga afikelela emhlabeni. Umoya, umhlaba nolwandle kwehlisa amaqondo obushushu. Oku kunokufundwa kakuhle ngamakhonkco okukhula kwemioki yaseYurophu. Esi studio isixelela ukuba unyaka we-1816 wawungunyaka wesibini obandayo kwiNyakatho yeikhweyitha ukusukela ngonyaka we-1400.
Njengasehlotyeni nasekwindla kuqengqeleka, ilifu lazala ukutshona kwelanga okubomvu, okumfusa kunye noorenji eLondon. Kunokuthiwa isibhakabhaka sinomlilo kwezinye iindawo. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1816 kusaza kubakho ikhephu emantla mpuma eUnited States naseKhanada. Ingqele yafikelela naseTennessee kwaye imozulu ebandayo yaqhubeka de kwangoJuni. La yayingamaqondo obushushu asezantsi kangangokuba kwezinye iindawo ezinje ngeNew Hampshire kwakunzima ukulima umhlaba.
Kule nyanga kwakubanda kabuhlungu kwaye izivunguvungu ezinkulu zehla apho uninzi lwazo Iintaka zaqanduselwa emkhenkceni zada zafa ezitratweni kwiiveki nje ezimbini ngaphambi kwehlobo. Izivuno ezininzi zaye ekugqibeleni zabuna emasimini ngenxa yeqabaka eqatha. Imihlambi emininzi yeegusha nayo itshabalele engqeleni. Eli lixesha apho inzululwazi yemozulu enzulu yayingekabikho kwaye kwakungekho luqikelelo lwemozulu lwalo naluphi na uhlobo.
Ngaphandle kwesayensi, abo bazinikelayo benza zonke izivunguvungu zibangelwe nguThixo zenze umqondiso wengqumbo kaThixo. IYurophu nayo yafumana amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu kunye nentwasahlobo ebandayo kwaye emanzi kuneqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lebaron, kwabakho ukuphazamiseka okwahlukileyo eFrance.
Iziphumo
Kukho izifundo ezininzi ngonyaka ngaphandle kwehlobo kwaye ikakhulu zixhomekeke kuhlalutyo lwamakhonkco e-oki yaseYurophu. La makhonkco abonisa ukuba kulo nyaka u-1816 wawubanda kakhulu ukusukela nge-1400. Uxinzelelo kubemi lwanda. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nembalela zatshayela ifula kunye nezityalo zombona kwiindawo ezininzi, kunye nemimoya yesiqhelo ka-Okthobha ngo-Agasti. Kummandla waseYurophu kwakusina iimvula rhoqo kunye nokuwa kwekhephu, ngakumbi kwimimandla yeentaba zaseSwitzerland. Oku kubangele ukuba imilambo kunye nemilambo iphuphume.
Izindlu zabalimi zaqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukugcina imifuno kwaye yonke ingca yayithuthwa ifunxwe kwizikhephe. Kwakukuphela kwendlela yokugcina izityalo kangangoko. EJamani iitapile zaphela zibolile kwisango lomhlaba lezaqhwithi zonakalisa uninzi lwezityalo. Izivuno zesiriyeli nazo zazidibene, iidiliya zazingavuthwanga kwizidiliya kwaye ndazibona phantse yonke imihla iiveki ezi-5 zilandelelana.
EParis bekukho abasemagunyeni becawa abaye bayalela umthandazo okhethekileyo kangangeentsuku ezili-9 ukuzama ukucela uThixo ukuba aphelise le mozulu imbi. Abarhwebi kulo lonke elaseYurophu banyusa amaxabiso, ngelixa uxinzelelo lwamahlwempu lufikelele kumanqanaba othusayo, bonke belindele isivuno esibi. Zombini eSpain nasePortugal ingqele yaqhubeka namaqondo obushushu imilinganiselo malunga ne-2-3 degrees ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo.
Zazininzi kakhulu imvula ngenyanga ka-Agasti, kuba yayingamadoda ngokubanzi omileyo. Ingqele kunye nokufuma kwaphelisa ukonakalisa izityalo kwilizwe liphela. Umlindi esibhakabhakeni uqaphele ukuba zazineentsuku ezi-3 kuphela ezingenafu kuyo yonke inyanga kaJulayi. Amaqondo obushushu abandayo agqibela ngokubulala iziqhamo, ngakumbi iidiliya, kuba ndenze kuphela isixa esincinci sesivuno. Oku kuvelise iwayini ezisemgangathweni. Iminquma ikwanobuzaza kwingqele nobushushu kwaye ayivelisanga ziqhamo zisemgangathweni.
Ngamafutshane, yayiyintlekele ebangelwe kukuqhushumba kwentaba-mlilo enkulu. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nonyaka ngaphandle kwehlobo.