La I-Crab Nebula, intsalela yogqabhuko-dubulo lwe-supernova, yenye yezona zinto zihlolisiswayo nezijongwayo ezisemajukujukwini, ekubeni imele umthombo oluncedo kakhulu wemitha yemitha ukuze kufundwe izidalwa zasezulwini ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikummandla ongaphandle. Ukukhankanya i-Crab Nebula, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-nebula. Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo lilifu elikhulu lothuli nerhasi efumaneka esithubeni. Ezinye iinebula zivela kwirhasi nothuli olugxothwa ziinkwenkwezi ezifayo kugqabhuko-dubulo olufana ne-supernovae. Ezinye iinebula ziindawo apho iinkwenkwezi ezintsha ziqala ukuvela.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga neCrab Nebula, iimpawu zayo kunye nemvelaphi.
Yintoni i-Crab Nebula, imbali kunye nemvelaphi
I-nebula yenziwe ikakhulu yi-hydrogen kunye ne-helium. Uthuli kunye negesi kwi-nebula zisasazwa ngokubanzi, kodwa umxhuzulane unokuqalisa ngokukhawuleza ukubamba uthuli kunye negesi kunye. Njengoko ezi zigaqa zisiya ziba nkulu, ngokunjalo nomxhuzulane wawo ukhula.
Le nebula yabonwa okokuqala ngowe-1731 liNgesi uJohn Bevis, ekuthiwa wayifumanisa, phezu kwako nje ukuba yabonwa yaza yabhalwa ngabavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi baseTshayina nama-Arabhu, abathi ibonakala njengenkwenkwezi, ibonwa ebudeni bokukhanya. usuku. kwaye inokubonwa imini nobusuku kangangeenyanga ezingama-22 ezilandelelanayo.
UWilliam Parsons, 1840rd Earl of Rosse, wayibona ngo-900 waza wayibiza ngokuba yiCrab Nebula kuba xa wayezoba i-nebula yayifana noononkala. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, imifanekiso emininzi ye<em>nebula yabonisa ukuba yayisanda yaye yafumanisa ukuba yabakho malunga neminyaka engama-XNUMX eyadlulayo. Uhlalutyo lwamaxwebhu embali lungqina ukuba i-supernova leyo wadala Crab Nebula kwenzeka ngo April okanye ekuqaleni May ka 1054 AD, ifikelela ekuqaqambeni kwayo okukhulu ngoJulayi, iqaqambe ngakumbi ebusuku kunayo nayiphi na enye into esesibhakabhakeni ngaphandle kweNyanga.
Ngenxa yomgama wayo omkhulu kunye nendalo ye-ephemeral, "inkwenkwezi entsha" ebonwa ngamaTshayina kunye nama-Arabhu yayinokuba yi-supernova, inkwenkwezi enkulu eqhumayo eya kuthi, xa umthombo wayo wamandla uphelile ngenxa ye-nyukliya fusion, iwele ngokwayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-nebula zezi zilandelayo:
- Yinto ekhanyayo eyenziwe ngerhasi nothuli.
- I-elliptical, malunga ne-6 arc imizuzu ubude kunye ne-4 arc imizuzu ububanzi.
- Inoxinano malunga namasuntswana angama-1.300 kwi-cubic centimeter nganye.
- Imicu eyenzayo yintsalela yomoya wenkwenkwezi engumzali, ebunjwe yi-helium ne-ionized hydrogen, i-carbon, ioksijini, initrogen, i-iron, i-neon, nesalfure.
- Iyanda ngesantya seekhilomitha ezili-1.800 ngomzuzwana.
- Iqondo lobushushu lemicu eyimicu iphakathi kwe-11.000 kunye ne-18.000 K.
- Inommandla oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embindini wayo.
- I-polyon nebula, oku kuthetha ukuba ifumana amandla ayo ekujikelezeni kwe-pulsar, kunokuba into ekhutshwe kwi-interstellar medium ngexesha lokuqhuma kwe-supernova.
- Iinkwenkwezi ezimbini zinokubonwa kumbindi we-nebula, enye yazo ekukholelwa ukuba inoxanduva lwe-nebula.
- Ineradiyasi malunga neminyaka emi-6 yokukhanya.
- Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiM1, NGC 1952, Taurus A, kunye neTaurus X-1.
Iphi iNebula yeCrab?
I-Crab Nebula ifumaneka kwikroza leTaurus. into ethetha ukuba ibekwe malunga ne-6.500 yeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwayo kule nebula, siyazi ukuba ingundoqo yenkwenkwezi yafa ngobundlobongela kangangokuba yaba yi-pulsar. IiPulsars zijikeleza ngokukhawuleza iinkwenkwezi zeneutron. Ubunzima bayo bufana kakhulu nobeLanga, ngaphandle nje kokuba inommandla weekhilomitha ezimbalwa.
I-Crab pulsar ijikeleza kwi-axis yayo ngokumangalisayo i-30 revolutions ngomzuzwana kwaye inomhlaba wemagnethi we-100 yezigidi zeTeslas. Ukuba ne-magnetosphere enamandla kakhulu, iyakwazi ukuguqula izinto zibe yi-emitters yemitha ye-electromagnetic, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwenkwenkwezi kwi-axis yayo, i-pulses emfutshane yexesha ibonakala kwiplanethi yethu, kwaye oku kungenxa yoko, oku kwenzeka Igama.
Indlela yokuyiqwalasela
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba izinto ezininzi eziqwalaselweyo ezenziwe kule nebula zibonisa ukuba iCrab pulsar inommandla wemagnethi ontsonkothileyo kwaye, njengezinye iinebula, inezibonda ezine zemagneti endaweni yezimbini. Kukwacingelwa ukuba eyona nto iphambili kanomathotholo igqabhuka lilifu leplasma elikumphezulu wenkwenkwezi.
Isetyenziswa kakhulu zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukulinganisa iiX-reyi. kunye nokuxinana kwe-flux kuba inika umqondiso onamandla ngokwaneleyo ukujonga ulungelelwaniso lwe-X-ray detectors.
Embindini weCrab Nebula kukho undoqo weenkwenkwezi owagqabhuka wadala i-nebula, into ejikeleza ngokukhawuleza. Mhlawumbi enye yezona zinto zimangalisayo ezakha zabonwa kukuba inkwenkwezi ye-neutron ikhupha ilitha lamaza kanomathotholo asemhlabeni ngalo lonke ixesha ijikeleza, njengendlu yesibane elwandle, Amaxesha angama-30 ngesekhondi.
Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwayo kule nebula, siyazi ukuba ingundoqo yenkwenkwezi yafa ngobundlobongela kangangokuba yaba yi-pulsar. IiPulsars zijikeleza ngokukhawuleza iinkwenkwezi zeneutron. Ubunzima bayo bufana kakhulu nobeLanga, ngaphandle nje kokuba inommandla weekhilomitha ezimbalwa. Kananjalo inomhlaba ozibuthe we-100 yezigidi ze-tesla. Ukuba ne-magnetosphere enamandla kakhulu, iyakwazi ukuguqula izinto zibe yi-emitters yemitha ye-electromagnetic, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwenkwenkwezi kwi-axis yayo, i-pulses emfutshane yexesha ibonakala kwiplanethi yethu, kwaye oku kungenxa yoko, oku kwenzeka Igama.
Njengoko ubona, ukufundwa kwe-nebulae kwakusenziwa kumaxesha amandulo xa iteknoloji yayisakhula. Umnqweno womntu wokufumana i-ins and outs of the universe uye wenza kube lula ngathi ukubona ezi ntlobo ze-nebulae namhlanje.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neCrab Nebula kunye neempawu zayo.