Umfanekiso ovela kwi-NASA apho ubona khona ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ngasekunene iLake Upembe, iTanganyika (eyona inkulu) kunye neRukwa.
El umwonyo wentili Yibhili enkulu yejoloji eyaqala ukubakho malunga nezigidi ezingama-30 zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye ihlala kummandla weekhilomitha ezingama-4830 kwicala elisemantla-mzantsi.
Namhlanje kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuzalwa koluntu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamathambo afunyenwe apho. Ukongeza, i-Unesco yabhengeza amachibi njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi ngo-2011. Yintoni enye ekhethekileyo ngale ndawo?
Uvelaphi?
Njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, iRift Valley yaqala ukubakho malunga neminyaka engama-30 ezigidi eyadlulayo njengesiphumo sokwahlulwa kwamacwecwe etektoni (amaSomalia, amaNdiya, ama-Arabhu kunye ne-Eurasian). Njengokuba ixesha lihamba kwaye umhlaba uqhaqhafala ngumbungu otyhidiweyo ophakama ngaphezulu, umsele omde wenziwa ngamathambeka anethambeka elikhulu.
Indawo enamatye esembindini iqhekeza rhoqo, idala iimpazamo apho iibhloko zelitye zenza isilayidi ethe nkqo. Kwiindawo ezininzi ezi bhloko ziyatshona zenze i-graben, eluxinzelelo olude olunqamleze macala omabini ziimpazamo ezifanayo ezifanayo.
Injani iJografi?
Umfanekiso - UFlickr / uCharles Roffey
IRift Valley, emi kwimpuma yelizwekazi laseAfrika, inokwandiswa kweekhilomitha ezingama-4830. Kwinxalenye yayo esempuma sifumana iindawo eziqhelekileyo zaseAfrika, apho kuhlala khona inyathi yaseAfrika, inyamakazi, indlulamthi okanye ingonyama; kwaye entshona ibamba amahlathi, Ezindawo zokuhlala zeetshimpanzi kunye neegorila, phakathi kwabanye.
Apho ungabona intaba-mlilo yaseKilimanjaro, intaba ebekwe emantla ntshona eTanzania eyakhiwe ziintaba-mlilo ezintathu ezingasasebenziyo (iShira emi ngasentshona kwaye ine-3962 yeemitha eziphakamileyo, iMaswenzi esempuma kunye ne-5149 yeemitha zokuphakama kunye ne-Uhuru embindini wazo zombini ezinokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-5891,8), ukongeza kwamanye amachibi amakhulu anamanzi acocekileyo kwilizwekazi, njengeTurkana, iTanganyika okanye iMalawi.
Ngenxa yokwahlukana okubangelwa yiRift Valley, kwimpuma yelizwekazi imozulu yomile kunasentshona, yiyo loo nto kule nxalenye yeAfrika savanna ivele kuqala, kwaza kwafika iinkawu zasekuhlaleni ezahlala emithini. Emva kwexesha kufuneka ukuba babe ngabasemhlabeni, bafunda ukuhamba ngemilenze yabo yangasemva emibini esiyazi namhlanje njengemilenze.
Lo ngummandla omangalisayo wokufunda ngakumbi malunga neyona ndawo ikude ukudlulileyo emntwini, ukusukela oko uqhekeko olukhulu lubonakalise amakhulu eemitha zendlela yokuma komhlabaKe ukufumana iifosili zabantu ayisiyomsebenzi onzima nje kuphela, kufuneka ikwanomdla.
Yintoni amachibi eGreat Rift Valley?
Umfanekiso -Flickr / fabulousfabs
Amachibi akule ntlambo lelinye lawona manxweme atyebileyo kwindalo yonke. Kude kube ngoku Iindidi ezingama-800 zeentlanzi ze-cichlid zifunyenwe (bony fish), kwaye kusekho ezinye ezininzi ezisalinde ukufunyanwa.
Kodwa ke, nangona amachibi engancedi kangako ukufunxa iigesi zegreenhouse ezikhutshwa zi-fossil fuels, aerosols nabanye kukho imfuneko yokuncitshiswa kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwindawo ebangqongileyo kunye nokubuyisela ezo ndawo sele zisusiwe. Amahlathi, zombini eAfrika naphi na emhlabeni, athabatha iigesi ezinjengekharbon diokside, ngaloo ndlela enciphisa ifuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Amagama abo ngala:
Ethiopia
- ILake Abayaye-1162km2
- Ichibi laseChamoye-551km2
- Ichibi Ziwayye-485km2
- Ichibi iShalaye-329km2
- Ichibi laseKokaye-250km2
- Ichibi laseLanganaoye-230km2
- Ichibi laseAbijattaye-205km2
- Ichibi laseAwasaye-129km2
Kenya
- Ichibi laseTurkanaye-6405km2
- Ichibi Logipi: lichibi elinzulu elisentilini yaseSuuta
- IChibi iBaringoye-130km2
- Ichibi bogoriaye-34km2
- Ichibi nakuruye-40km2
- Ichibi lase-Elmenteita: ichibi elingenzulu.
- Ichibi laseNaivashaye-160km2
- ILake Magadi: ichibi elinzulu elikufutshane nomda neTanzania.
Thanzaniya
- Ichibi natron-Ichibi elingaphantsi kwamanzi lihlelwe yiNgxowa-mali yeNdalo yeHlabathi yezeNdalo njenge-halophytic ecoregion.
- ILake Manyaraye-231km2
- Ichibi lase-Eyasi: ichibi elingenzulu lonyaka
- Ichibi leMakati
Amachibi aseNtshona
- ILake Albertye-5300km2
- ILake Eduardoye-2325km2
- Ichibi laseKivuye-2220km2
- IChibi iTanganyikaye-32000km2
Amachibi asemazantsi
- Ichibi laseRukwa: malunga ne-560km2
- ILake Malawiye-30000km2
- Ichibi leMalombeye-450km2
- Ichibi laseChilwaye-1750km2
Amanye amachibi
- ILake Moeroye-4350km2
- ILake Mweru Wantipaye-1500km2
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Lichinga
IRift Valley yindawo ebabazekayo, izele bubomi. Enye yezo kufuneka uye kubona ubuncinci kube kanye. Siyathemba ukuba ulonwabele eli nqaku libekelwe ukuzalwa koluntu.