IVenus yiplanethi yesibini kwiSolar System, kwaye yaziwa ngobuhle bayo obumangalisayo kunye nokufana kwayo noMhlaba ngobukhulu kunye nokwakheka. Nangona oku kufana, nangona kunjalo, iVenus inenani leempawu ezizodwa ezenza yahluke kakhulu kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Umphezulu weVenus ufundwe ngokubanzi zizazinzulu ukuze zikhuphe ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nomphezulu weVenus, iimpawu zayo kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo ezenziweyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Enye yezona zinto ziphawuleka kakhulu kwiVenus yindawo yayo exinene kakhulu kunye netyhefu. Idityaniswe ikakhulu yikharbon diokside, enamafu e-asidi yesulfuric, umoya weVenus unakho ukuvelisa ifuthe eligqithisileyo legreenhouse, liyenza ibe yeyona planethi ishushu kwiSolar System, amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu anokufikelela kuma-460 ngokukaCelsius.
Olunye uphawu olunomdla lweVenus kukujikeleza kwayo umva, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ijikeleza kwelinye icala kuninzi lweeplanethi ezikwiSolar System. Ngaphaya koko, ixesha layo lokujikeleza lide kunexesha lalo lokuguqulela elangeni, nto leyo ethetha ukuba usuku kwiVenus lude kunonyaka kwiVenus.
Ngapha koko, iVenus ayinayo imagnetosphere ekhuselayo, nto leyo eyenza kube sesichengeni kumasuntswana ahlawuliweyo asuka kumoya welanga. La masuntswana asebenzisana nomoya weVenus, avelisa i-auroras kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla.
Okokugqibela, nangona iVenus ilingana noMhlaba, umphezulu wayo uphawulwa ngothotho lwemingxuma, iintaba, kunye namathafa entaba-mlilo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-atmosphere yeplanethi eshinyeneyo, kunzima ukufunda umphezulu wayo ngokweenkcukacha.
IVenus yiplanethi enomdla enenani leempawu ezizodwa nezigqithileyo. Umoya wayo oxineneyo kunye netyhefu, ukujikeleza kwayo umva, ukungabikho kwemagnetosphere, kunye nomphezulu wayo. iphawulwe ngama-craters, iintaba kunye namathafa entaba-mlilo Ezi zezinye zezinto ezenza ukuba ibe yinto enomdla kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi nakwizazinzulu ngeeplanethi.
umphezulu weVenus
Umphezulu weVenus uphawuleka ngothotho lwemingxuma, iintaba, kunye namathafa entaba-mlilo. Noko ke, iatmosfera exineneyo yesi sijikelezi-langa yenza kube nzima ukufunda umphezulu womhlaba ngokweenkcukacha. Uninzi lwemingxuma kwiVenus ziziphumo zeempembelelo zemeteorite. Ngokungafaniyo noMhlaba, onomgangatho oguqukayo othe gqolo ngenxa yokhukuliseko kunye neetectonics zepleyiti, umphezulu weVenus uhleli ungatshintshanga kangangeebhiliyoni zeminyaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba iicraters ezikwiVenus zinokunika umkhondo kwimbali yokuqala yeSolar System.
Iintaba ezikwiVenus ubukhulu becala zinentaba-mlilo, kwaye ezinye zazo ziphakame kakhulu. Eyona ntaba iphakamileyo kwiVenus yiNtaba iMaxwell, enobude obuziikhilomitha ezili-11. Kukwakho nothotho lwamathafa entaba-mlilo kwiVenus, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "lava plains." La mathafa ayenziwe ngogqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lwentaba-mlilo olugqume iindawo ezinkulu zomphezulu weVenus ngodaka.
Ngaphandle kobunzima bokufunda umphezulu weVenus, izazinzulu ziye zakwazi ukwenza iimephu ezineenkcukacha zomhlaba zisebenzisa imifanekiso yeradar kunye nedatha eqokelelwe yimishini yendawo. I-Arhente yaseYurophu yaseMajukujukwini yasungula uthumo lweVenus Express ngo-2005, eyaphonononga umoya weplanethi kunye nomphezulu wayo. I-NASA kulindeleke ukuba iqalise i-mission ebizwa ngokuba yi-Veritas ngo-2020s, eya kunika imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zomphezulu weVenus usebenzisa i-radar kunye ne-laser.
Umphezulu weVenus uphawulwe ziicraters, iintaba, kunye namathafa entaba-mlilo, kwaye ibonelela ngefestile kwimbali yokuqala yeSolar System. Nangona kunzima ukufunda umphezulu ngenxa yoxineneyo lwesijikelezi-langa, uthumo lwasemajukujukwini lukwazile ukunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nomphezulu kunye nemisebenzi yexesha elizayo kulindeleke ukuba inike iinkcukacha ezithe chatha.
Ukubaluleka kweVenus kwiSolar System
Nangona iVenus isoloko ithathwa ngokuba "yiwele" loMhlaba ngenxa yobukhulu obufanayo kunye nokwakheka kwayo, le planethi inenani leempawu ezizodwa ezenza ibaluleke kakhulu kwiSolar System.
Okokuqala, iVenus yenye yeeplanethi eziqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, eyenza ibonakale lula ukusuka eMhlabeni. Oku kuyenza ibe yinto edumileyo yokujonga inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kubantu abangafundanga kunye neengcali ngokufanayo. Ukongeza, iVenus yinto ebalulekileyo yokuhlola indawo, kunye nemishini emininzi eyimpumelelo egameni layo.
Okwesibini, iVenus yeyona planethi ishushu kwiSolar System, kunye nobushushu obuphakathi komhlaba obungama-462 degrees celcius. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo obuveliswa ngumoya oshinyeneyo wekharbon diokside bunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nendlela utshintsho olukwiatmosfera enobuchaphazela ngayo ubushushu beplanethi.
Okwesithathu, uphononongo lweVenus lunokusinceda siqonde ngcono ukubunjwa kunye nokuvela kweeplanethi ezisemhlabeni ngokubanzi. Ukuphononongwa komphezulu wayo kunye neatmosfera kunokubonelela ngomkhondo wendlela ezinye iiplanethi ezinjengoMhlaba ezakheka kwaye zavela ngayo.
Ekugqibeleni, IVenus ibalulekile ekuqondeni kwethu ukuhlala kweplanethi ngokubanzi.. Ngaphandle kweemeko ezigqithisileyo kumphezulu wayo, umoya ongaphezulu weVenus ucetywe njengendawo enokwenzeka yobomi bangaphandle komhlaba. Uphononongo lweVenus lunokubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga neemeko eziyimfuneko zokuhlala kwezinye iiplanethi kwiSolar System nangaphaya.
IVenus yiplanethi ebalulekileyo kwiSolar System ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, indima yayo ekuqondeni ukubunjwa kunye nokuvela kweeplanethi ezisemhlabeni, kunye namandla ayo okuhlala kwiplanethi. Ukuphononongwa kweVenus kuya kuqhubeka nokuba yindawo esebenzayo yophando kunye nokufunyanwa kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Izinto ezifunyenweyo kumphezulu weVenus
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwafunyanwa izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo malunga neVenus ezithe zandisa ukuqonda kwethu iplanethi. Zezi:
- Ukufunyanwa kwePhosphine: NgoSeptemba ka-2020, iqela lezazinzulu labhengeza ukuba lichonge i-phosphine kwindawo ephezulu yeVenus. Iphosphine yirhasi ethi eMhlabeni inxulunyaniswe nobomi bemicrobial, ngoko ubukho bayo kwiVenus buvelise ulindelo olukhulu malunga nokuba nokwenzeka kobomi kwiplanethi.
- Umahluko kubude bosuku: Ngo-2020, izazinzulu zafumanisa ukuba ubude bosuku lwaseVenusian behlile malunga nemizuzu eyi-6.5 kwithuba leminyaka eli-16. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kubonisa ukuba umoya kaVenus unamandla ngakumbi kunokuba bekucingwa ngaphambili.
- Ubungqina bentshukumo yamva nje yentaba-mlilo: Ngo-2021, uphando olupapashwe kwijenali yendalo Geoscience lucebisa ukuba kukho ubungqina bentshukumo yamva nje yentaba-mlilo kwiVenus. Izazinzulu zifumene uthotho lweempawu kumphezulu obonakala ngathi zenziwe ngogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo kule minyaka i-2.5 yezigidi ezidlulileyo.
- Izinto ezingaqhelekanga kuxinano lwe-atmosfera: Uphononongo olupapashwe ngo-2021 kwiJenali yoPhando lweGeophysical: Iiplanethi zibonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga kuxinzelelo lwe-atmosfera yeVenus kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba "yifestile yephosphine." Ezi ntsilelo zinokuba ngumkhondo wokucacisa ubukho bephosphine kumoya weVenus.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nomphezulu weVenus kunye neempawu zayo.