Njengoko sisazi, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeminyele kwindalo iphela. Uhlobo ngalunye lomnyele luneempawu ezizodwa kunye nokumila okukhethekileyo. Kule meko, siza kuthetha malunga Sombrero Galaxy. Ikwaziwa ngokuba nguMessier 104 galaxy, iSombrero Galaxy, ephantse ibe zizigidi ezingama-30 ukusuka kwiminyaka yokukhanya, ifumana igama layo kwimilo yayo engaqhelekanga kwaye yenye yeyona minyele idumileyo yelenticular.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga ne-galaxy ye-Sombrero, iimpawu zayo kunye nezinto ezinomdla.
Yintoni iSombrero Galaxy?
Igalaksi yeSombrero yigalaksi yelenticular kwiminyaka engama-28 yezigidi zokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ukusuka kumgangatho womhlaba kubonwa ukusuka emphethweni, kunye nendandatho enkulu ezaliswe ngothuli olumnyama kunye nesiseko esicacileyo esichazwe kakuhle sinokusombululwa, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ayibonakali ichazwe kakuhle ngeso lenyama, kwaye ezinye izinto zincinci I-telescope. uya kwenza iqhinga.
Ngumnyele obizwa ngokuba yi-lenticular, oko kukuthi, umile okwelensi kwaye awunazijikelezi-langa, ekubeni ungavelisi inkwenkwezi. Iqukethe i-core ene-chiseled disk ngeenxa zonke kuyo, nangona kukho uthuli oluninzi olumnyama. Ubukhulu bayo busuka kwi-50.000 ukuya kwi-140.000 yeminyaka yokukhanya. Ubungakanani bayo obubonakalayo (njengoko bubonwa eMhlabeni) yi-9 x 4 imizuzu ye-arc, isinye kwisihlanu sama-30 eNyanga kunye nobunzima belanga obungaphezu kwama-800.000 XNUMX, okanye obuphindwe kabini kobeMilky Way.
Uphando lwakutsha nje lweNASA lubonise ukuba iSombrero Galaxy iqaqambe kakhulu ngaphakathi kweradius ye-10 MPC. Iinkwenkwezi zayo ziqaqambe ngokugqithisileyo kwaye zihlelwa njengeqela le-Type II kuba zaziwa njengezindala kakhulu, kodwa iinkwenkwezi kuthuli olumnyama oluzingqongileyo zincinci.
Ngaphezu koko, lo mnyele ulikhaya kwinani elimangalisayo lamaqela eglowubhu; kwiradiyasi kukho malunga nama-2.000 amaqela, phakathi kwama-25.000 kunye nama-70.000 eminyaka yokukhanya; yahluke kakhulu kumaqela angama-200 enza iMilky Way
Olunye uphononongo lucebise ukuba inokuba nomngxuma omnyama omkhulu embindini wayo, enobunzima obumalunga ne-1.000 lezigidi zelanga (amaxesha angama-250 amakhulu kunombindi weMilky Way), ibangela ukuba iwushiye umhlaba ngesantya esimangalisayo, ngakumbi i-1000. km. /s, ukwenza ukuba kubonakale Umbindi wendalo yonke enomthamo omkhulu kunye nobunzima.
Okungakumbi malunga neSombrero Galaxy
igama
Ukujonga imifanekiso yegalaksi okanye ukuyijonga ngeteleskopu, kuyacaca ukuba kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yiSombrero Galaxy. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa ujonge kuyo, kuphela umda wediski onokusonjululwa, ngokuthambeka okumalunga ne-6 degrees kunye ne-bulge yayo ebalaseleyo eyenziwe yinani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi, benza into ekhangeleka ngathi ngumnqwazi waseMexico.
Nangona kunjalo, igama lesayensi elisetyenziswa zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukulibiza ayisiyiyo i-Sombrero Galaxy, kodwa bakwazile ukuyichonga ngamagama amaninzi:
- Messier 104
- Messier Into 104
- M104
- NGC 4594
Ibizwa ngokuba nguMesiya kuba yayiyeyokuqala ukujoyina i-Messier Catalogue emva kokudalwa kwayo.
Indawo
Ilele phakathi kwamakroza eVirgo kunye neCorvus, ecaleni kweSpica (inxalenye yeVirgo), esetyenziselwa ukufumana iSombrero Galaxy. Ukunyuka kwayo ekunene ziiyure ezili-12, imizuzu engama-39, imizuzwana engama-59,4, kwaye ukwehla kwayo ngokubhekiselele kwinqwelomoya yeMilky Way yi -11° 37′23¨.Kulula ukuyibona ngeteleskopu elula, kodwa ayijongwa njengeqela leVirgo (ingqokelela) kuba isemazantsi. ngayo .
Ukufunyanwa kweSombrero Galaxy
Lo mnyele wafunyanwa okokuqala ixesha ngo-1781 kwaye ibhengezwe ngoMeyi 1783 ngusosayensi ofanayo owafumanisayo, umFrentshi uPierre Méchain. Yayiliqumrhu lokuqala lasezulwini elongezwa kwikhathalogu kaMesiya emva kokupapashwa kwekhathalogu kaMesiya kwaye yafunyanwa ngokuzimeleyo nguWilhelm Herschel waseJamani ngoMeyi 9, 1784, unyaka omnye emva kokupapashwa.
Noko ke, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi esingumFrentshi uCharles Messier asizange songeze kuluhlu lwaso lobuqu njengomnyele, endaweni yoko wasichaza njenge<em>dim nebula, kamva sazisola saza sawubiza ngokuba ngumnyele, siwunika igama elithi M104. Kwenziwa ubhaptizo.
I-Astrophotography
Imifanekiso ekhoyo yalo mnyele yathathwa ziiteleskopu ezimbini ezibaluleke kakhulu ezaziwa kakhulu kuluntu lwezazi ngeenkwenkwezi, iHubble Space Telescope kunye neSubaru Space Telescope.
Iifoto zithathwa ngokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye ne-infrared, kwaye zicwangciswe ukuba ziveze iinkcukacha ezingabonakaliyo ngeso lenyama, ukudibanisa iifoto zohlobo olufanayo (ezibonakalayo-ezibonakalayo / infrared-infrared) kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo (ezibonakalayo-infrared) ukufumana ezininzi. iinkcukacha kangangoko.
Ezinye iimpawu zeSombrero Galaxy
Xa ujongwa ecaleni, lo mnyele ujikelezayo, udweliswe njengomnyele iNGC 4594, uphawuleka ngebhanti emnyama ebonakala icanda kabini ubude bawo, eyenziwe ngamafu amakhulu amnyama. I-Galaxy ye-Sombrero iphinda kabini ubungakanani bethu. Ukuba besinokujonga eyethu ngendlela efanayo, ibiya kufana naleyo isemnqwazini. Umnyele ukwikroza leVirgo, nangona ungagqalwa njengelungu leQela leVirgo.
Izifundo zakutsha nje zenza ukuba ibe ngowona mnyele uqaqambileyo ngaphakathi kwiradius ye-10 MPC, ngobungakanani obufanelekileyo obupheleleyo -22.8.2. I-M104 iphakathi kwama-50.000 kunye nama-140.000 eminyaka yokukhanya ukunqumla.. Inobunzima obuzizigidi ezingama-800.000 104 zelanga. I-M2000 ikwatyebile kwiinkqubo zeglobula zeklasta, ezineteleskopu ezinkulu ezibona ubuncinane amakhulu aliqela amaqela eglowubhu, aqikelelwa kuma-XNUMX okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphezu kwenani lamaqela eenkwenkwezi ajikeleza iMilky Way. Imifanekiso yakutsha nje ibonisa ukuba umnyele unehalo enkulu yegalaksi.
Izizathu ziquka iqela elikhulu leenkwenkwezi ezisingise kumbindi womnyele kunye nongqameko olubalaseleyo lothuli olumnyama olujikeleze umnyele, lujongwe kwicala ngokwembono yethu. Iibhiliyoni zeenkwenkwezi zamandulo zinoxanduva lokukhanya okukhulu okusembindini we-M104, kwaye ukujonga ngokusondeleyo kwiringi kutyhila izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo izazi ngeenkwenkwezi azikaqondi. Ikwabonakala inomngxuma onzima welanga we-109 kwiziko layo. Uphando olutsha ngoncedo lweSpitzer Infrared Telescope lucebisa ukuba iM104 inokuba, Enyanisweni, umnyele omkhulu we-elliptical owathi ngaphambili, malunga ne-9 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, yabamba izinto ezayila idisk ezizinzisiweyo kuyo eyathi yaguquka yaba yile nto siyibonayo namhlanje.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-galaxy ye-Sombrero kunye neempawu zayo.