Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomnye weyona milambo inomdla kuyo yonke iIberia Peninsula. Imalunga nayo Umlambo iTinto. Ibekwe ihlamba amanzi ayo ngexesha lohambo lweekhilomitha ezili-100 ukuya emlonyeni wayo kwiphondo laseHuelva. Ifumana igama layo ngenxa yombala wendalo wamanzi ayo. Le nyaniso iyenza ibe yenye yemilambo eyaziwayo ehlabathini.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho, kunye nokubaluleka komlambo iTinto.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Umlambo iTinto waziwa kwihlabathi liphela nanjengoko umele enye yezona ndawo zindala zezezimbiwa ezigciniweyo. Obunye bobungqina obufunyenwe ngabaphandi buveza ukuba kwakusele kukho umsebenzi wezemigodi onje ukuxhaphaza nokunyibilikisa ubhedu ukusukela kuma-3.000 BC Umthombo walo mlambo uqala eSierra de Huelva. Ngokukodwa, ibekwe eSierra de Padre Caro ebekwe kumasipala waseNerva. Inendlela emalunga neekhilomitha ezili-100 kwaye umlomo wayo ngohlobo lwechweba elenziwe ngumlambo iOdiel. Ngale ndlela, ingena kwiGulf of Cádiz ebekwe kumda wesixeko saseHuelva.
Kuhambo lwayo lonke idlula kumasipala waseMinas de Río Tinto, emva koko idlulela e-El Campillo. Nje ukuba yonke le ndawo idlule, ufumanisa ukuya kuZalamea la Real kunye neBerrocal. Iyaqhubeka nendlela eya ngasezantsi kwaye idlula koomasipala baseValverde del Camino, ePaterna del Campo, eNiebla naseLa Palma del Condado. Okokugqibela, badlula kwabanye oomasipala de bafikelele esiphelweni sabo kwisixeko saseHuelva.
Imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yomlambo iTinto
Lo mlambo waziwa kwihlabathi liphela xa unikwe imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezemigodi eyenzeka apho. Yonke le misebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho lommandla. Kuba umlambo awunakwahlulwa kwimigodi, kwasekwa iRío Tinto Mining Park. Le paki inenjongo yokhenketho kwaye isebenza ukufundisa iindwendwe yonke imbali kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezemigodi eyenzeka apho. Ngale ndlela, awufundanga nje ngembali kunye nemicimbi yangoku kodwa unokuzonwabisa nosapho.
Kukho iindlela ezinje ngePeña del Hierro, eyimayini enegalari zaseRoma onokuzindwendwela, ukuba nje ukhatshwa zizikhokelo. Kukwakho nezinye iindawo ezinomtsalane kubakhenkethi njengeMining Museum. Apha kukho malunga namagumbi ali-15 apho yonke into eyenzekileyo kwimbali yomlambo iTinto icacisiwe. Khangela bonisa iziqwenga zezinto zakudala, isinyithi, ishishini likaloliwe kunye nokumbiwa.
Eminye yemisebenzi yolonwabo enokuthi izise ubutyebi obuninzi kula mazwe yenziwa kwindawo yamaNgesi. Ngesi sizathu, abalawuli beRiotinto Company Limited bakwazile ukufaka into efana nale yesiNgesi. Umzekelo, awuzisanga ukuchuma kwezoqoqosho kuphela, kodwa nobunye bendlela yesiNgesi yokuphila. Sibona iigalufa, ukuziqhelanisa nebhola ekhatywayo kunye nokuhlelwa kwamakhwenkwe.
Inkcazo eneenkcukacha yomlambo iTinto
Siza kuqhubeka ukwenza inkcazo eneenkcukacha ngalo mlambo. Siyazi ukuba ziikhilomitha ezili-100 ubude kwaye zifumana amanzi kwiindawo zeminye imilambo eSierra de Huelva. Phakathi kwemilambo enezinga lokuhamba liphezulu zezi zilandelayo: Nicoba, Casa de Valverde, Jarrama, Corumbel, Domingo Rubio kunye neCandón.
Siyazi ukuba uMlambo iTinto uneempawu zamanzi ezizodwa ezivela kwindalo yawo. Umbala wayo kungenxa yesinyithi kunye nobhedu olufumanekayo olufumaneka ecaleni komlambo. Ezi dipozithi zibeka i-acidophilic bacteria emanzini anoxanduva lwe-oxidizing i-sulfide ukuze zisinde. Ngale ndlela, ngale nto ukukhulula iiprothoni emanzini ezonyusa i-pH yomlambo kwaye iyenze ibe nejelo leasidi.
Umtsalane wenzululwazi obenalo mlambo ukutyhubela imbali uvela kwi-pH yayo ene-asidi kunye nobukho obukhulu bezinyithi ezinzima kunye neoksijini encinci. Esi sixa seempawu senza ukuba ibe yindawo eyodwa kwindalo yonke. Inyani yokufunda indalo eyahlukileyo kule planethi inomdla kakhulu kwizazinzulu kwaye itsalela ingqalelo yabo. Kwaye inyani kukuba uMlambo iTinto yindawo yokuhlala egqithileyo ethathwe kwindaleko yezidalwa ezingafunekiyo izixa ezikhulu zeoksijini okanye ilanga ukuze ziphile. Ngale ndlela, baye bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa kwaye batye kwizimbiwa. Ezi zinto ziphilayo ziphiwe ngu indaleko kwaye zibandakanya ibhaktiriya, isikhunta kunye nolwelwe oluthile.
Enye yezinto eziphilayo ezinomdla okhethekileyo kuphando lwalo mlambo yiNASA. Idatha evela kolunye uphononongo luthatha ukuba, ukuba amanzi alulwelo afunyenwe eMars, kungabakho iindawo ezithile ezifana noMlambo iTinto osebenzela ukusinda. Nangona inombala obomvu ngakumbi kunye neasidi ephezulu, amanzi awanabungozi ukuwachukumisa. Kukho imilambo apho amanzi anokuchukunyiswa ngaphandle kokuba yingozi, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwawo kuyaphikiswa ngenxa yobukho besinyithi esinzima.
Ungcoliseko
Ngaphandle kweempawu ezizodwa zalo mlambo, awusindiswanga kungcoliseko lomntu. Nangona kukho amanqanaba endalo angcoliseko ngenxa yobukho bezinto ezinzima ezahlulwe emanzini, ifuthe elenziwa yimisebenzi yabantu longezwa. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi emizi-mveliso kwimizi-mveliso yedayi ngaphandle konyango kumasipala waseNerva Bafuna ukuba ukungaphumeleli kwabo kungabonakali kuba la manzi anombala ofanayo namanzi omlambo.
Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba lo mlambo ukhethekile kwaye wahlukile kwaye unokuba nobuthathaka obuphezulu kwimilinganiselo yemichiza yendalo. Njengoko ubona, kungekho nakwinkqubo eyodwa kwindalo iphela emhlabeni umntu akhetha umdla woqoqosho kunenzululwazi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngomlambo iTinto kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa.
Ubungangamsha bendalo esingabaziyo. Siyavuyisana kwaye ndiyabulela ngokusenza ukuba sicinge ngokungazi ngenkcubeko okusenzileyo.