El umlambo lena yeyona inde eRashiya kwaye yenye yezona zinde ehlabathini, inobude obuziikhilomitha ezingama-4.400 zizonke. Umthombo weLena uhlala kwiiNtaba zeBaikal, ukusuka apho umlambo ugeleza kumntla-mpuma ukuya kuLwandle lwaseLaptev kunye noLwandle lweArctic.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu, i-tributaries, ukubaluleka, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zoMlambo waseLena.
Lena River yangasemva
Inedelta yomlinganiselo obalulekileyo inabela ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-100 kuLwandle lwaseLaptev kwaye iphantse ibe ngama-400 eekhilomitha ububanzi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, uMlambo waseLena ubaluleke kakhulu eRashiya, njengoko ukhupha isihlanu sommandla wayo. Oku kumele ngaphezu kwezigidi ezibini zeekhilomitha.
ILena Delta iba ngumkhenkce kangangeenyanga ezisixhenxe ngonyaka. NgoMeyi, indawo iguquka ibe ngumhlaba omanzi. Kwakhona, xa kufika intwasahlobo, imilambo idla ngokuba nezikhukula.
Ngomnye wemilambo emithathu ephambili yaseSiberia (ekufuphi ne-Ob kunye neYenisei) ehamba kwi-Arctic Ocean. ULena yeyona ndawo ikude nempuma. Indima yoMlambo iLena ibalulekile, ingakumbi kubantu abahlala ecaleni komlambo omde.
Kwiindawo apho la manzi ahamba kumhlaba osemazantsi. izityalo ezikhulu zezityalo ezifana cucumber, iitapile, ingqolowa okanye irhasi zinikwa. Ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimisebenzi yorhwebo.
Imfuyo okanye ukufuya ikwangumsebenzi kwezi ndawo. Umhlaba ongqonge umlambo ubanzi kwaye ulungele ukuba namadlelo. Ngaphaya koko, le mimandla yomhlaba inobutyebi obuninzi malunga nobukho bezimbiwa, kubandakanywa igolide nedayimani.
Ezinye iiminerali ezifana nentsimbi kunye namalahle nazo zinokufunyanwa ngeenxa zonke emlanjeni, kwaye ziyinto ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseRashiya njengoko ziyinxalenye ephambili yemveliso yensimbi.
Okwangoku, uninzi lweLena River luhlala lunokuhamba ngenqanawa. Le nyaniso ivumela ukuthuthwa kwempahla efana neeminerali, izikhumba okanye ukutya. Olu thutho ludibanisa iindawo zokuvelisa kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, kuquka nehlabathi liphela. Kuphela inxalenye encinci yoMlambo waseLena isetyenziselwa ukuphuhliswa kweshishini lombane wamanzi. Nangona amandla ayo makhulu kakhulu kunoko sele kuphuhlisiwe.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ngenxa yokwandiswa kwayo okukhulu, umlingiswa weLena zininzi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uyahluka ngokwendawo ehamba kuyo. Ekuqaleni, iqondo lobushushu lomlambo lihlala litshintsha. Umhlaba ehamba kuwo udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizityalo eziphuma ecaleni kwendlela yayo.
Ngokomzekelo, intlambo esembindini yomlambo inamathafa abanzi anengca. Kwiindawo ezikhukulisekileyo, kukho imigxobhozo emininzi. Iintsapho zemithi ezifana ne-birch kunye ne-willow zikhula kule mimandla. Apho iindawo ezisezantsi zomlambo zidibana khona emantla, ibonisa uhlaza olufana ne-tundra biomes. Uninzi lwe-moss kunye ne-lichen algae zikhula apha.
Ngokuphathelele izilwanyana, Iintaka ezisuka kwingingqi yoMlambo iLena zihlala zifudukela kwindawo emva kobusika. Ngelo xesha, injongo yezi zilwanyana yayikukuzala, ingakumbi kumhlaba ofumileyo, owawuchume ngakumbi.
Amadada, amarhanisi, ii-sandpipers okanye iiplover ziintaka ezihlala zifumaneka kwizitya ze-hydrographic. Ngoxa i-salmon, i-sturgeon kunye ne-cisco ziintlanzi ezinokufumaneka emlanjeni. Ezi ntlanzi zibalulekile kwezorhwebo eRashiya, kodwa zikwabalulekile ngokwendalo kuMlambo iLena.
Malunga neentlobo ezingama-40 zihlala emlanjeni. Ukuqaqambisa iintlobo zeplankton, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-100 ezirekhodiweyo.
Izixeko edlula kuzo
Umlambo iLena uphuma kwiiNtaba zeBaikal ezikumazantsi eThafa leSiberi elikuMbindi. Ngoku, umlambo ungaphezulu kweemitha ezili-1500 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Umthombo wamanzi ukwiikhilomitha ezisi-7 kuphela kwintshona yeChibi iBaikal.
Umlambo weLena ugeleza ukuya kumntla-mpuma, apho eminye imilambo (iKirenga, iVitim kunye ne-Olyokma) ihamba kwindawo yayo. Ukudlula eYakutsk, iLena igeleza ngasentla kwiindawo eziphantsi, apho ijoyina uMlambo waseAldan.
Xa uLena efika kwindawo apho i-ridge yaseVerkhoyansk ikhona, utshintshe indlela eya kumntla-mpuma. Apho ijoyina uMlambo iWillow, owaba ngowona mlambo mkhulu weLena. Endleleni esemantla, ufikelela kuLwandle lwaseLaptev, inxalenye yoLwandlekazi lweArctic.
Kwinxalenye yokugqibela yeLena unokufumana i-delta enkulu efikelela ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-100 kuLwandle lwaseLaptev. Kwakhona, imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-400 ububanzi. I-Lena Estuary ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwe-tundra enomkhenkce egcina ezi meko malunga neenyanga ezisixhenxe zonyaka.
Inxalenye enkulu ye-delta ikhuselwe njengeLena Delta Wildlife Sanctuary. Idelta imele ummandla owenziwe kwindawo apho umlambo uhamba khona. Kwimeko kaLena, inokwahlulwa ibe yinani elikhulu leziqithi ezithe tyaba. Phakathi kwabo, iChychas Aryta, iPerushka, iSagastyr okanye iSamakh Ary Diyete ivelele, nangona uluhlu lude kakhulu.
Ungcoliseko lomlambo waseLena
Ngenxa yokwandiswa kwawo okukhulu, uMlambo iLena usenokuthiwa njengenye yemithombo ecocekileyo yamanzi acocekileyo eMhlabeni. Ukuhamba kwala manzi kuye kwanezithintelo ezinkulu ezimbalwa kwindlela yawo yendalo., ekubeni umjelo womlambo awuvalelwanga zizakhiwo ezininzi, ingakumbi amadama okanye amadama.
Ezi mpawu zenza uMlambo iLena ube yindawo yokuhlala eyahlukileyo kakhulu kuneminye imilambo emininzi emhlabeni, kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu ngenxa yawo wonke amandla abo ombane. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kuqhelekile kule mihla, iLena ikwasongelwa yimisebenzi yabantu.
Kukho iinkxalabo ezinzulu malunga nokuchitheka kweoyile okunokuthi kungcolise uLena. Oku kungenxa yobuninzi beenqanawa ezithutha ioli ekrwada exabisekileyo ngomlambo ukuya kuLwandlekazi lweArctic.
Esinye sezixhobo ezisebenzayo zaseRashiya kukukhetha iindawo ezininzi zomlambo njengeendawo ezikhuselekileyo. Noko ke, ezona zisongelo zinkulu ezikhoyo kukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukutyisa amadlelo ngokungalinganiyo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwiindawo ezikufutshane ukuze kuphuhliswe ezolimo, nokutsalwa kwamanzi ngokungakhethiyo okunkcenkceshela.
Enye yeenkxalabo zamva nje inento yokwenza nokutshiswa kwamahlathi okuchaphazele iindawo ezinkulu zeArctic ukusukela ngoJuni ka-2019. Eminye imifanekiso yesathelayithi ibonisa imililo ejikeleze uMlambo iLena. Ikharbon diokside ekhutshwayo iya kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga noMlambo waseLena kunye neempawu zayo.