Iintaba-mlilo ziyamangalisa kwaye zishiya abantu abaninzi benomdla wokuzazi. Zininzi umdla weentaba-mlilo ukuba abantu bayazibuza. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo luxhaphake kakhulu, ngaphezu kokuba unokukholelwa. Ngeli xesha, enye intaba-mlilo kwiplanethi iya kuba kwelo nqanaba, nangona ingaziwa kuba uninzi lwezi qhushumbo zenzeka phantsi komhlaba.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinomdla kwiintaba-mlilo kunye neempawu zazo.
yintoni iintaba-mlilo
Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngezinto ezikhethekileyo ezi kwakheka komhlaba, siza kuchaza ngokufutshane ukuba zenziwa njani. Uxinzelelo lweMagma ngaphakathi koqweqwe oluqinileyo ngamanye amaxesha luyakwazi ukuphakamisa umhlaba, ukudala itshimini ekhokelela kwi-crater.
Njengoko i-magma isasazeka malunga ne-crater, izinto eziqokelelwe kugqabhuko-dubulo lwangaphambili kunye noxinzelelo olusuka kwigumbi le-magma ngokwalo lwenza intaba emile okwekhowuni ebizwa ngokuba yi-volcano. Lo mngxuma kumhlaba osemagqagaleni ngamanye amaxesha unokubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo, olushiyana ngokuqina, ubude nobuninzi bezihlandlo ukusuka kwenye intaba-mlilo ukuya kwenye.
Nje ukuba olu lwazi lwaziwe, siza kufumanisa ezinye zezona zinto zibangela umdla ezinikezelwa lolu qulunqo.
Izinto ezinomdla kwiintaba-mlilo
Umhlaba asikuphela kweplanethi eneentaba-mlilo
Ubukho bezi ntaba zizele ziimagma abupheleliselwanga kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Ezinye izigebenga ezikwisijikelezi-langa selanga nazo zineentaba-mlilo, ezisebenza ngokumangalisayo nezidubula rhoqo. Phakathi kwezijikelezi-langa zentaba-mlilo ezingabamelwane yiJupiter, iSaturn kunye neNeptune.
Iintaba-mlilo njengomthombo wombane
Enye yeenyaniso ezingaziwayo malunga neentaba-mlilo kukuba zimele umthombo oluncedo kakhulu wamandla obizwa ngokuba bubushushu be-geothermal. Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: amanzi abandayo ampontshelwa ematyeni entaba-mlilo, awafudumeze aze ajike abe ngumphunga. Kamva, umphunga ujoliswe kwiziko lombane elinoxanduva lokuvelisa umbane.
Olu hlobo lwamandla lukhule kakhulu ukusukela ngo-2013, luqala ngemimandla efana neIceland okanye iRwanda neCongo, apho iLake Kivu ikumda wayo. Ukufika kwezityalo zamandla e-geothermal eRwanda, ukuvumela umbane ukuba ufikelele kumakhaya amaninzi, luphuhliso olubaluleke kakhulu.
Eyona volcano inkulu ehlabathini
I-Mauna Loa eHawaii ithathwa njengeyona ntaba-mlilo inkulu emhlabeni, zombini umthamo kunye nommandla. Oku kunokubonwa egameni layo, elithetha "intaba ende" ngesiHawaii. Intaba-mlilo iziimitha ezingama-4.200 XNUMX ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kodwa ukuba sijonga emazantsi olwandle, iya kuba nde.
IMauna Loa ikwiimitha ezingama-5.000 ngaphantsi kolwandle, kwaye okoko kwaqalayo imbali yogqabhuko-dubulo, ukuphakama kwayo kube ziimitha ezili-17.170. Kodwa silusizi ukukuxelela ukuba le ntaba-mlilo yaseHawaii asiyiyo eyona ntaba-mlilo inkulu kwisixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa. Ngale ndlela, iNtaba yeOlympus ibalasele kuMars ngobude obuziimitha ezingama-22.500.
Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo oluchaphazela umhlaba wonke
Ukuba kukho ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo olusakhunjulwayo namhlanje, lolo lweNtaba iPinatubo kwiiPhilippines ngowe-1991. Emva kweminyaka engama-500 yokungasebenzi, intaba-mlilo iye yaphila yaye ikwimeko embi. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwalo lwabulala amakhulukhulu lwaza lwabangela umonakalo owathabatha iminyaka ukuze woyiswe.
Ukongezelela, umsebenzi wale ntaba-mlilo uchaphazele ihlabathi lonke ekubeni iqondo lobushushu lehla ngeedegrees ezimbalwa. Ngethamsanqa, iinzame zokubek'esweni kunye nokufuduka zigcine inani lokufa lisezantsi.
isandi esothusayo
I-anecdote yokugqibela eyaziwayo kukuba iintaba-mlilo zinokukhupha izandi. Xa ezi zakhiwo zidubula, ukudubula okuqengqelekayo kunokuvelisa izandi ezinokuviwa kumgama ongamawaka eekhilomitha.
Olo lugqabhuko-dubulo lweemegaton ezingama-200 olwenzeka ngowe-1883 kwintaba-mlilo ekwiSiqithi saseKrakatau phakathi kweJava neSumatra. Wonke umntu makabe nombono wamandla oqhushumbo. Ufanele wazi ukuba amandla ayo amakhulu ngokuphindwe kayi-10.000 kunalawo ebhombu yeathom yaseHiroshima. Amandla anokwenza ugqabhuko-dubulo luvakale ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-5.000, kunye nezinye iziqithi ezikuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Akukho datha ingcono yokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla eentaba-mlilo akanakulinganiswa kwaye anokufikelela kwihlabathi liphela. Yile nto iMount Agung eBali (Indonesia) ibonisa ngoku kwakhona.
Ezinye izinto ezinomdla kwiintaba-mlilo
- Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo lunokubangela uthuthu ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-30 emoyeni.
- Iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kule ntaba-mlilo linokufikelela kwi-1.000 12.000 degrees, kodwa udaka lwentaba-mlilo lunokufikelela kuma-XNUMX XNUMX degrees ngexesha lufikelela phezu komhlaba.
- Kukho malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-20 yogqabhuko-mlilo yonke imihla eMhlabeni.
- Kukho iintaba-mlilo ezimalunga ne-1.500 ezijikeleze isijikelezi-langa, uninzi lwazo ziphantsi kolwandle.
- I-Itali lelona lizwe lineentaba-mlilo ezininzi eYurophu, ezine-14.
- Elona litye ehlabathini elinokudada phezu kwamanzi lilitye lentaba-mlilo, elaziwa ngokuba yipumice stone.
- Ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lwentaba-mlilo lunokubonakalisa imitha yelanga, lupholise uMhlaba ngamaqondo aliqela.
- Kukho indawo kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki eyaziwa ngokuba yiRingi yoMlilo kuba uninzi lweentaba-mlilo eziseMhlabeni zigxile apho.
- Umhlaba okwindawo ekufutshane nentaba-mlilo uchume kakhulu, ngoko abanye abantu bakha izindlu kufuphi nentaba-mlilo.
- Iintaba-mlilo zithatha amakhulu eminyaka ukwakheka, nto leyo ke yinkqubo ecothayo.
- Iintaba-mlilo zinokuphela ukuba ixesha lihamba, ziyaphola kwaye azisaqhubi, kodwa kusenokubakho iintaba-mlilo ezileleyo ezithi shwaka kodwa ezinokugqabhuka kwixesha elizayo.
- Indawo yoMhlaba apho sinokufumana khona iintaba-mlilo ezininzi eIndonesia.
- Amatye e-volcanic ayakwazi ukudada, ekuphela kwehlabathi akwazi ukudada. La ngamatye epumice, angwevu ngombala kwaye azaliswe yimingxuma edalwe ziigesi ezishushu ezifumaneka kwilava.
- Eyona ntaba-mlilo iphakamileyo yiOjos del Salado, malunga neemitha ezingama-7.000 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, phakathi kweArgentina neChile.
- Icrater ibizwa ngokuba yicaldera kwaye yenziwe ngemagma.
- ILava yimagma, equlathe udaka lwentaba-mlilo kunye neekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo eziqinileyo neziguqukayo ezivela kumphezulu woMhlaba. Ukongeza, kwi-lava sinokufumana iigesi kunye neekristale ekumisweni.
- Iqondo lobushushu lelava linokufikelela kwi-1000 degrees Celsius.
- Umhlaba okufuphi nentaba-mlilo uchume kakhulu, ngoko abantu bahlala kufutshane nentaba-mlilo.
- I-Itali lelona lizwe lineentaba-mlilo ezininzi eYurophu, elineshumi elinesine lilonke.
- Kukho iintaba-mlilo ezimalunga ne-1.500 ehlabathini, uninzi lwazo ziphantsi kolwandle.
- Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo lunokuphosa uthuthu ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-30 emoyeni.
- Emhlabeni kukho ugqabhuko-dubulo oluli-10 ukuya kuma-20 ngosuku.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-curiosities yeentaba-mlilo kunye neempawu zazo.