Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lolwandle olufumaneka kumda osempuma woLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Imalunga nayo Ulwandle lweJava. Lulwandle oluhlamba unxweme lweziqithi ezininzi kunye nemimandla ebekwe eIndonesia. Inendawo enkulu kwaye iqulethe iimfihlakalo ezininzi ezinomdla ebantwini iminyaka emininzi.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga noLwandle lweJava kunye neempawu zayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Lulwandle olubekwe kumda osempuma woLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Igama alinikwanga ngenxa yesiqithi saseJava esiphawula umda waso emazantsi. Inommandla omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-310.000 zeekhilomitha, i-1.600 yeekhilomitha ubude (empuma-ntshona) kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-380 ububanzi (emantla-mzantsi). Ukubekwa kule ndawo, inemida yendawo eyiyo IBorneo emantla, iSumatra entshona, iJava emazantsi kunye neSulawesi empuma.
Ngaphandle kweziqithi sele sizikhankanyile, ikwahlamba yonke indawo eselunxwemeni enamakhulu eziqithi ezincinci nezingabalulekanga kangako. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwiqela lamanxweme elihlamba olu lwandle lubekwe emantla-ntshona kwaye ziziqithi ezibizwa ngokuba yiBangka neBelitung.
Idityaniswe kumntla-ntshona kunye noLwandle lwase-China lwase-China nge-Strait yeKarimata nakumantla mpuma noLwandle lweCelebes ngeStrait yaseMakassar. Akululo ulwandle olunzulu kakhulu, kuba eyona ndawo inzulu imalunga ne-1.590 yeemitha. Eyona ndawo inzulu luLwandle lweBali. Lulwandle olubekwe elizweni kwaye lulwandle oluncinci oluncedisayo oludibeneyo phakathi kweziqithi zaseBali naseKangean, yiyo loo nto igama lalo. Kukho abanye ababhali abakhankanya ukuba olu lwandle loluka-Flores. Ubungakanani beli lincinci Ngaphakathi kolwandle loLwandle iJava Mpuma uLwandle i-45.000 yeekhilomitha.
Imisebenzi yoQoqosho loLwandle lwaseJava
Kule ndawo yomhlaba kukho oovimba abalulekileyo beoyile kunye negesi yendalo. Uninzi lwazo alukaxhatshazwa, ngenxa yoko alukaqwalaselwa njengeyona nto iphambili kwezoqoqosho kwezi ndawo. Ukuloba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuqoqosho kuLwandle lwaseJavane. Zingaphezu kwama-3.000 XNUMX iintlobo ezihlala emanzini olu lwandle, nto leyo eyenza lutyebe ngezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuloba akuvumelekanga kwezinye iindawo kwaye kukhuselwe ngumthetho ukugcina zombini iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Eminye yale mimandla ikhuselweyo ziiKarimunjawa kunye neeThe Thousand Islands National Parks.
Ngokumalunga nokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nokuhamba elwandle, zikwayimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yoqoqosho. Amanye amazibuko abaluleke kakhulu e-Indonesia abekwe kuyo yonke le ndawo. Elona zibuko libalulekileyo lelo likomkhulu leJakarta kodwa ezo ze Semarang, Surabaya kwaye Urjung Pandang, phakathi kwabanye.
Kuyimfuneko ukugxininisa kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho kwezokhenketho. Kwaye kukuba yonke imimandla yonxweme ejikeleze uLwandle lweJava ineendawo ezibalulekileyo zabakhenkethi ngelanga elisemgangathweni nolwandle. Qho ngonyaka amawaka abakhenkethi beza kwezi ndawo ukuze bazijwayeze ukuntywila kunye nokuhlola ulwandle. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, olu lwandle lunenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo kwaye, ke ngoko, kukho imiqolomba emininzi engaphantsi kwamanzi, iingqaqa zekorale kunye nokophuka kwenqanawa okunomtsalane kuzo zonke iingcali zokuntywila. Ngokukodwa, isiqithi saseBali yeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yabakhenkethi kuLwandle iJavanese nakuyo yonke i-Indonesia.
Iimfihlakalo zoLwandle iJava
Olu lwandle lwabona iimfazwe ezinkulu zomkhosi wamanzi ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. Ingxabano yayonakalise eyona njongo iphambili yayikukuhambisa izinto ezazisa eJava kuhlaselo lomhlaba. Amajoni ama-2.200 900 asweleke edabini, ama-250 kuwo ingamaDatshi kunye nama-75 abahlali beekholoni ezazinelizwe laseYurophu eIndonesia. Yonke le mizimba ibisezantsi kolwandle ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-XNUMX. La maqumrhu akwi- iintsalela zeenqanawa ezinkulu zemfazwe ezi-3 ezisebenze njengengcwaba elingaphantsi kwamanzi. Onke amajoni afunwa ngumkhankaso. Intsalela yezi nqanawa ibonakala ngathi inyamalale ngokupheleleyo. Akululanga kwaphela ukuba iinqanawa ezazike zalinganisa iitoni ezingama-6.500 XNUMX, njengokuba kunjalo nakwezinye zazo, zinyamalale ngolu hlobo ngokukhawuleza.
Iithiyori malunga nale mfihlelo azinanto yakwenza nezinto ezingaphaya kwendalo. Iipirati kunye nabathengisi bezinto ezilahliweyo ngabo bebephethe uxanduva lokuqhaqha iziqwenga zeenqanawa ezinkulu zemfazwe kuba zibubutyebi kubo bonke abo bafuna ukuphinda bathengise ngezinto ezixabisekileyo. Ngexesha leminyaka, abathengisi bezinto ezilahliweyo kudala befumana ubutyobo beenqanawa kwaye babile zonke iindawo zabo. Phakathi kwezinto ezibalaseleyo yintsimbi, ialuminiyam kunye nobhedu. Ngaphezulu kwekhulu leenqanawa ezintywilayo kunye neenqanawa zatshona kula manzi ngexesha lemfazwe, ezenza ukuba zibe ngawona mangcwaba asemanzini aphambili ehlabathini.
Baninzi abazingeli bobutyebi emanzini ase-Indonesia ngenxa yemfazwe. Ukuzingela okungafunekiyo kwaba yindlela ephambili yokufumana imali. Kunokuthiwa lushishino lobutyebi. Le ikwayindawo enomtsalane kubakhenkethi, njengoko abantu abaninzi betshona emanzini ukuze balandelele intsalela yezi zikhephe. Uninzi lwaba bantu luyenzela ukuzonwabisa. Apho kufuneka songeze ubunzima bokuba kunzima kwaye kuyabiza ukugcina nokukhusela izikhephe ezininzi ezilala emazantsi olwandle. Ngokukodwa, Kunzima ukugcina ezo zikhephe zikude nedolophu enkulu, ngaphandle kwento yokuba banentsebenziswano kumagunya endawo.
Njengoko ubona, olu lwandle luneemfihlelo ezithile kunye neemfihlelo ezenza lubenomtsalane ngakumbi kubakhenkethi lokuhamba apho. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga noLwandle lweJava kunye neempawu zalo.