Imozulu yeplanethi inokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokweendlela ezithile kunye neeparameter. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwazi ukwahlula imozulu ukuseka iodolo kwindawo yokuhanjiswa kweentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, uyilo loyilo, ukusekwa kwezixeko, uqikelelo lwemozulu, njl. Enye yazo yi Ukwahlukaniswa kwemozulu yaseKöppen. Yinkqubo esekwe kwinyani yokuba utyani lwendalo lunobudlelwane obucacileyo nemozulu, kungoko imida phakathi kwemozulu enye nenye isekiwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukwabiwa kotyani kwindawo ethile.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga nokuhlelwa kwemozulu yaseKöppen kwaye zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwemozulu yaseKöppen kusekwe ekusekweni kwemozulu esekwe kwindawo yokuhanjiswa kweentlobo ezithile. Iiparameter ukuze zikwazi ukumisela imozulu yommandla kuhlala kuthetha ubushushu bonyaka kunye nenyanga kunye nemvula. Ixesha lokuna kwemvula kananjalo liqwalaselwa. Kule meko, yinto eyahlukileyo.
Yahlula imozulu yomhlaba ibe ziindidi ezintlanu eziphambili: ezitshisayo, ezomileyo, ezipholileyo, ilizwekazi kunye ne-polar, ezichongwe ngoonobumba abakhulu bokuqala. Iqela ngalinye liqela elisecaleni kwaye iqelana ngalinye luhlobo lwemozulu.
Ulwahlulo lwemozulu yaseKöppen lwenziwa kuqala ngu Ingcali ngemozulu yaseJamani uWladimir Köppen ngo-1884, kwaye kamva yahlaziywa nguye noRudolf Geiger, ichaza uhlobo ngalunye lwemozulu ngothotho lweeleta, zihlala zintathu, ezibonisa indlela obusebenza ngayo ubushushu nemvula. Lelinye lawona maxesha okusetyenziswa kwezulu asetyenziswayo ngenxa yokuphanga kunye nokulula kwawo.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwemozulu yaseKöppen: iintlobo zemozulu
Makhe sibone ukuba zithini iinkcukacha zenkqubo yokumisela iqela ngalinye lemozulu, uhlobo kunye neqelana. Ikhathalogu enkulu yemozulu yahlulwe yaya kwezinye kwaye iveza uhlaza oluhambelana nayo kunye nemimandla efumaneka kuyo.
Iqela A: Imozulu ezifudumeleyo
Kolu hlobo lwemozulu, akukho nyanga yonyaka enamaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-18. Imvula yonyaka iphezulu kuneqondo lomphunga. Imalunga nemozulu ekhoyo kumahlathi ashinyeneyo. Kwiqela A lemozulu sinamacandelo athile. Oku kulandelayo:
- Ikhweyitha: Kule mozulu, akukho nyanga ine imvula engaphantsi kwe-60mm. Yimozulu eshushu nenentiyo unyaka wonke ekungekho maxesha onyaka kuwo. Yenzeka e-Ecuador ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 degrees latitude kwaye yimozulu yehlathi le-nervous.
- Monsoon: yinyanga enye kuphela engaphantsi kwama-60mm kwaye ukuba ezona nyanga zoma kabuhlungu zingaphezulu kwifomula [100- (Imvula yonyaka / 25)]. Yimozulu efudumeleyo unyaka wonke enexesha elifutshane elomileyo elilandelwa sishushu esineemvula ezinkulu. Ihlala yenzeka eNtshona Afrika nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Yimozulu yamahlathi eMonsoon.
- Iishiti zebhedi: Unenyanga engaphantsi kwama-60 mm kwaye ukuba imvula yeyenyanga eyomileyo ingaphantsi komgaqo [100- (woNyaka woNyaka / wama-25)]. Yimozulu eshushu unyaka wonke kwaye inexesha elomileyo. Kubonakala njengoko sisuka e-Ecuador. Yimozulu efumaneka eCuba, kwiindawo ezinkulu zaseBrazil, naseIndiya. Yinto eqhelekileyo kwi-savannah.
Iqela B: Imozulu eyomileyo
Imvula yonyaka ingaphantsi kokuvela komphunga ngonyaka. Yimozulu yemimandla enengca neentlango.
Ukufumanisa ukuba imeko yemozulu yomile, sifumana umqobo wemvula kwi-mm. Ukubala umyinge, siphinda-phinda amaqondo obushushu ngonyaka ngama-20, kwaye ke sidibanise ukuba ama-70% okanye nangaphezulu kwemvula iwela kwisemester apho ilanga liyi-280. Elona liphezulu (ukusuka ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba kumantla e-hemisphere, ngo-Okthobha ukuya kuMatshi. kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi), okanye amaxesha e-140 (ukuba imvula ngelo xesha iphakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-70% yemvula iyonke), okanye amaxesha angama-0 (ukuba ixesha liphakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-70%) Imvula ingaphantsi kwe-30% kwemvula iyonke.
Ukuba i-avareji yemvula yonyaka ingaphezulu kwalo mqobo, ayiyiyo imozulu B. Masibone ukuba zeziphi iimeko zemozulu ezomileyo:
- Indawo efudumeleyo: Ubusika abumnene kwaye ihlobo elishushu lifudumele kakhulu. Imvula inqabile kwaye ulindelo lwalo lwendalo lulindile. Ihlala ivela kwiitropiki nakwindawo eziphantsi komhlaba kumda weentlango ezikweleenjiko.
- Ingqele ebandayo: kule mozulu kwaye ubusika buyabanda okanye bubanda kakhulu. Singafumana kwakhona ihlobo elifudumeleyo okanye elifudumeleyo elinemvula encinci kunye ne-Esteban njengotyani bendalo. Zihlala zibekwe kwindawo ezinamanzi ashushu kwaye zikude nolwandle.
- Intlango eshushu: Ubusika abumnene, nangona iindawo ezisemaphandleni zingasondela kubushushu obuziziro ebusuku. Ehlotyeni kushushu okanye kushushu kakhulu. Kweminye imimandla enemozulu, amaqondo obushushu ehlotyeni aphakame kakhulu, kwaye awona aphezulu emhlabeni abhalisiwe. Imvula inqabile. Ihlala ivela kwimiphetho yetropical yees hemispheres zombini.
- Intlango ebandayo: Kule mozulu kwaye ubusika buyabanda kwaye ihlobo lincinci okanye lifudumele. Imvula inqabile kwaye utyani ngokwalo lelo lwasentlango, ngamanye amaxesha lungekho kwaukubakho. Kukho ububanzi obuphakathi.
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwemozulu yaseKöppen: iqela C
Kwiqela C sinemozulu epholileyo. Ubushushu obuphakathi kwinyanga ebanda kakhulu buphakathi kuka -3ºC (kukwahlulahlula u-0ºC) kunye no-18ºC, kwaye eyona nyanga ishushu idlula i-10ºC. Amahlathi afudumeleyo afumaneka kwezi mozulu.
- Ulwandle lwengozi yolwandle: kubusika obubandayo okanye obuphakathi kunye nehlobo elipholileyo. Imvula ikwasasazwa unyaka wonke. Kukho utyani lwendalo olungamahlathi alukhuni.
- Ulwandle lwaselwandle: Iyabonakala ngokuba nobusika obubandayo kwaye ngaphandle kwehlobo lokwenyani. Kuyanetha unyaka wonke kwaye kukho iindawo ezithile ezinomoya ovuthuzayo ongavumiyo ukukhula kophuhliso.
- IMediteraBanobusika obunqabileyo nobushushu obomileyo nobomileyo. Uninzi lweemvula zinetha ebusika okanye kumaxesha aphakathi. Ihlathi leMeditera luhlaza lwendalo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuhlelwa kwemozulu yaseKöppen kunye neempawu zayo.