Xa sijonga kwimephu yokudibanisa siyabona ukuba kukho inkqubo yokubeka ezi zilungelelaniso. Yinkqubo esekwe kuqikelelo lwecartographic kunye neeyunithi zayo ziimitha kwinqanaba lolwandle. Ngaba iifowuni UTM izilungiso. Esi sisiseko senkqubo yesalathiso. KwisiNgesi ezi acronyms zithetha Universal Transversal Mercator. Inokusetyenziswa kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo esiza kubona kweli nqaku.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwe-UTM, iimpawu zabo kunye nokusebenziseka kwabo, le yiposti yakho.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Xa sithetha ngenkqubo ye-UTM yokulungelelanisa sibhekisa kwinkqubo esekwe kuqikelelo lwecartographic eneeyunithi eziziimitha kwinqanaba lolwandle. Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili sifumanisa ukuba luqikelelo lwe-cylindrical. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuqikelelwa kwihlabathi liphela kumgangatho wesilinda. Ikwayiqikelelo olunqamlezileyo. I-axis ye-cylinder ihambelana ne-axisial axis. Ke, Ixabiso leengile ligcinwa ukuseka ukuchaneka okungcono xa kubalwa indawo kunye nemgama.
Izibonelelo ezikhoyo kule nkqubo kunabanye zezi zilandelayo:
- Ukufana kunye neemeridians zimelwe yimigca eyenza iigridi. Ngale ndlela, ukuchaneka okungcono kufezekiswa xa kubalwa imigama okanye ukubona apho iphuzu elithile kwimephu likhoyo.
- Imigama kulula kakhulu ukulinganisa kunokuba nenye inkqubo yokulungelelanisa.
- Ubume beendlela zomhlaba zigcinwa kwiindawo ezincinci. Le yindlela esinokwazi ngayo ukukhululeka kunye nohlobo lwendawo ekhoyo kuloo mmandla.
- Iibheringi kunye nezikhokelo kulula ukuziphawula. Ngombulelo kwezi zilungelelaniso, umntu unokuseka iindlela ezahlukeneyo, zombini ulwandle kunye nomoya.
Kodwa njengoko unokulindela, zonke iinkqubo zineengxaki. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana kwe-UTM:
- Imigangatho ihlala iyandiswa njengoko sisuka kwindawo yokuphamba kwendawo kunye nesilinda. Lo mgama ukwicala elijolise kwisilinda.
- Olu qeqesho lubaluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu. Ke ngoko, siyabona ukuba iyeza liyancipha njengoko sisiya kwiindawo eziphezulu.
- Kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo engeyiyo kumlinganiselo oqingqiweyo phakathi komphezulu.
- Imimandla ye-polar ayimelwe. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ezi ndawo zikwabalulekile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo
UTM ulungelelanisa kunye nommandla
Ukusombulula yonke ingxaki yokuqikelelwa kweemephu zokulungelelanisa ze-UTM, isixhobo sokuluka siyaziswa ukwahlula umphezulu womhlaba. Umphezulu wonke wohlulwe wangama-60 e-spindles okanye kwimimandla ye-6 degrees kubude, okukhokelela kuqikelelo olulinganayo lwe-60 kunye nomdibaniso wabo ophakathi. Sizama ukwahlula intonga nganye ngokungathi yinxalenye yeorenji.
Ukuseka ukwahlula okungcono kokuluka, zibaliwe ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kuma-60 ukuqala kwiGreenwich meridian ngenxa esempuma. Ngamnye kubo yahlulwe yangamacandelo ahlukeneyo akhethwe ngonobumba omkhulu. Ilandela ulwalathiso olusuka emazantsi luye emantla kwaye luqala ngonobumba C luze luphele ngonobumba u-X. Ukuze ungabhidaniswa, akukho zikhamiso neeleta zam ezinokudideka ngenani.
Umda ngamnye we-UTM uququzelela ngokucacileyo uboniswe ngenombolo yendawo kunye neleta yommandla. Lo mmandla wenziwe yimimandla yoxande kunye nomgama weekhilomitha ezili-100 kwicala ngalinye. Ixabiso lala maqhina lihlala lilungile ukuze lingabhidisi abafundi. Ii-axes ze-Cartesian X kunye ne-Y zimiselwe kwi-spindle, i-X axis yi-equator kunye ne-Y axis ye-meridian.
Siza kubeka umzekelo we-UTM uququzelelo lwendawo yeBhunga lesiXeko sase-A Coruña. Ngu-29T 548929 4801142, apho i-29 ibonisa indawo ye-UTM, i-T band ye-UTM, inombolo yokuqala (548929) ngumgama kwiimitha ukuya eMpuma kwaye inani lesibini (4801142) ngumgama kwiimitha ukuya emantla. Le nkqubo yokulungelelanisa indawo isetyenziswa jikelele ukubhekisa nakweyiphi na indawo emhlabeni. Le yindlela onokuthi ngokulula ngayo ufumane nayiphi na indawo emhlabeni. Enkosi ngale nkqubo yokulungelelanisa amaxabiso anokungeniswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter ukuseta imilinganiselo ngokuchanekileyo.
Iprojekti yolungelelaniso lwe-UTM
Ukuqikelela kusetyenziselwa ukumela into kwinqwelomoya. Nalapha, ukusetyenziswa kwenziwa ngejometri kunye ne-axes yeCartesian. Ukusetyenziswa ngakunye kubude beedigri ezi-6 kwaye kukho imeridian esembindini kwiidigri ezi-3 ezide ezahlulahlula zibe ngamacandelo amabini alinganayo kwaye zisetyenziselwa uqikelelo lwe-UTM. Ngokuchaneka ngakumbi, siyazi ukuba indawo nganye yahlulwe ngokufana kwemvelaphi kwi-Equator. Oku kufana nemvelaphi ukwahlulahlula kubini ngokulinganayo ngokweehemispheres. Siyazi ukuba yethu Iplanethi yethu sinenyakatho ye-hemisphere kunye ne-hemisphere esemazantsi eyahlulwe ngumgca weikhweyitha.
Le Meridian iphakathi kunye ne-Equator zezona zimisela ii-axes ezimbini zeCartesian kwindawo yokuluka ukuze zibeke inqaku kumphezulu wawo wonke. Ukuba sifuna ukuyibona ngamehlo yonke le nto kwinqwelo-moya sibona ukuba embindini wommandla yi-X axis ngelixa i-Equator iyi-Y axis. of 500000. Eli xabiso liyancipha ngokuya ngasentshona kwaye lonyuka xa sisiya empuma. Ngale ndlela, la maxabiso amiselwe ukuba akwazi ukuhlala enexabiso elifanelekileyo le-X axis.
I-axis ye-Y inemvelaphi yayo e-Ecuador kodwa iyenza ngendlela ethile. Ngokungafaniyo nenye i-axis, kwi-hemisphere esemantla ye-Equator iyakuba nexabiso elingu-0 elonyukela ngasemantla lide lifikelele kwixabiso le-10000000 kwiPole yaseNyakatho. Kwelinye icala, i-hemisphere esemazantsi iya kuba nexabiso le-10000000 kwaye iya kukhula ibhekise ngasemazantsi ide ifike kwixabiso le-0 kwipali esemazantsi. La maxabiso abekwe ngolu hlobo ukuze uhlale unamaxabiso ama-Y-axis aqinisekileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwe-UTM kunye neempawu zazo.