Phakathi kwamanqanaba omoya esinawo kukho enye esikhusela kwimitha yelanga eyingozi. Imalunga nocingo lwe-ozone. Uluhlu lwe-ozone lolunye lufumaneka kwi-stratosphere kwaye lwenziwe ikakhulu yi-ozone. Ingxaki kukuba ibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kocingo lweozone njengesiphumo semisebenzi yoshishino lomntu. Enkosi kwizivumelwano ezahlukeneyo umngxunya owenziwe kolu luhlu uyancipha. Nangona kunjalo, usemninzi umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela indlela ukutshatyalaliswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone oluchaphazela ngayo iplanethi yethu kunye nento ekufuneka uyenze ukuyikhathalela.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kocingo lweozone
Umaleko okhuselayo okwi-stratosphere. Isebenza njengesihluzi semitha yelanga enobungozi kwinto ephilayo. Nangona olu luhlu lubaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni, thina bantu sisabonakala sizimisele ukulutshabalalisa. Iiklorofluorocarbon ziikhemikhali ezitshabalalisa i-ozone kwi-stratosphere ngokusabela okungafaniyo. Yirhasi eyenziwe yifluorine, iklorine, kunye nekhabhon. Xa le khemikhali ifikelela kwi-stratosphere, iya kuthi ifumane ukusabela kwe-photolysis ngemitha yelanga evela elangeni. Oku kubangela ukuba iimolekyuli ziwe kwaye zifuna iiathom zeklorine. I-klorine iphendula nge-ozone kwi-stratosphere, ibangela ukuba ii-athomu zeoksijini zenze kwaye zidilize i-ozone.
I-ozone ifumaneka kwi i-stratosphere kwaye iphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-30 yeekhilomitha ukuphakama. Olu luhlu lwenziwe ziimolekyuli zeozone, zona zona zenziwe ziiathom zeoksijini ezi-3. Umsebenzi woluhlu kukufunxa imitha ye-ultraviolet B kwaye wenze njengesihluzi ukunciphisa umonakalo.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone kwenzeka xa kwenzeka imichiza ebangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-ozone ye-stratospheric. Imeko yelanga ihluzwa ngumaleko we-ozone, apho iimolekyuli ze-ozone zingena kwimitha ye-ultraviolet B. Xa oku kusenzeka, iimolekyuli ze-ozone ziyehla ziye kwioksijini nakwi-nitrogen dioxide. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-photolysis. Kuthetha ukuba iimolekyuli zehla phantsi kokukhanya.
Esona sizathu siphambili sokutshatyalaliswa okukhawulezileyo kocwecwe lwe-ozone kukukhutshwa kweeklorofluorocarbon. Nangona sele sitshilo ukuba isiganeko sokukhanya kwelanga kutshabalalisa i-ozone, sikwenza ngendlela elungeleleneyo nengathathi cala. Oko kukuthi, inani le-ozone eboliweyo yi-photolysis lilingana okanye lingaphantsi komyinge we-ozone onokwenziwa ngumbutho weemolekyuli.
Ukubaluleka kokuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kocingo lweozone
Umaleko we-ozone unwenwela kwi-stratosphere kwihlabathi liphela. Ayibobukhulu obulinganayo kuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba, kodwa uxinzelelo lwayo luyahluka. Imolekyuli ye-ozone yenziwe ngee-atom ezintathu zeoksijini kwaye ifunyenwe ikwimo yegase zombini kwi-stratosphere nasemhlabeni. Ukuba sifumana i-ozone yestropospheric, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba lomhlaba, lingcolisa kwaye liyingozi kwimpilo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-ozone efumaneka kwi-stratosphere inayo Injongo yokuzikhusela kwimitha yelanga. Le misebe inobungozi kulusu, kuhlaza nakwizilwanyana zomhlaba. Ukuba ubume be-ozone bebungekho, besingayi kukwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle kokuzitshisa kwaye umhlaza wolusu ubunokuxhaphaka kwihlabathi liphela.
Uluhlu lweozone lubangela uninzi lwemitha yelanga evela esibhakabhakeni ukuba ibuyiselwe kwaye ingafikeleli kumphezulu. Ngale ndlela sikhuselekile kuloo mitha iyingozi.
Ukuba umaleko we-ozone ubuthathaka ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba le-UVA, unokuchaphazela kakhulu iimolekyuli eziyimfuneko ebomini ezinjengeemolekyuli ze-DNA.
Ebantwini, ukubonakaliswa okuthe kratya kwimitha eqhubekayo kubangela iziphumo ezibi zempilo, ezinje nge ukubonakala komhlaza. Kuhlaza kukho kwakhona ukunciphisa izinga le-photosynthesis, ukukhula okuphantsi kunye nemveliso. Ngaphandle kwefotosinthesisi, izityalo azinakuphila okanye zivelise ioksijini, zifunxa i-CO2 kwinkqubo.
Okokugqibela, i-ecosystems yaselwandle nayo iyachaphazeleka ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-5 zokuqala zobunzulu (okuyindawo apho kukho khona imeko ephezulu yelanga). Kule mimandla yolwandle, izinga lephotosoplankton le-photosynthetic liyancipha, into ebalulekileyo kuba sisiseko sokutya.
Ungayinyamekela njani
Ukukhusela umaleko we-ozone, oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela kufuneka baseke amanyathelo okunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezi gesi ziyingozi. Ngaphandle koko, izityalo ezininzi zinokubandezeleka kwimitha yelanga, umhlaza wolusu uya kunyuka, kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinzulu zokusingqongileyo ziya kubakho.
Kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, njengabemi, into onokuyenza kukuthenga iimveliso ze-aerosol ezingenazo okanye ezenziwe ngamasuntswana atshabalalisa i-ozone. Phakathi kweerhasi ezitshabalalisayo kule molekyuli zezi:
- Ii-CFCs (i-chlorofluorocarbons). Zezona zonakalisayo kwaye zikhutshwa ngohlobo lweerosol. Banobomi obude kakhulu emoyeni kwaye, ke ngoko, abo bakhululwa embindini wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX basenza umonakalo.
- I-hydrocarbon e-Halogen. Le mveliso ifumaneka kwizicimi-mlilo. Into elungileyo kukuqiniseka ukuba isicima-mlilo esisithengayo asinayo le gesi.
- Imethyl bromide. Yisibulala-zinambuzane esisetyenziswa kumasimi emithi. Xa ikhutshelwe kwindalo esingqongileyo itshabalalisa iozone. Indawo efanelekileyo ayithengi ifanitshala eyenziwe ngale mithi.
- Musa ukuthenga izitshizi ezinee-CFC.
- Sukusebenzisa izicimi-mlilo.
- Thenga izinto zokwambathisa ezingenazo ii-CFCs njengekhokho ehlanganisiweyo.
- Ukuba ukugcinwa kwemeko yomoya elungileyo, siya kuthintela amasuntswana e-CFC ekufikeleleni kwi-ozone layer.
- Ukuba ifriji ayipholi njengoko kufanelekile, inokuvuza i-CFC. Kuyafana nomoya wesithuthi.
- Sebenzisa imoto kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye usebenzise izithuthi zikawonke-wonke okanye ibhayisekile.
- Thenga umbane wokonga umbane.
- Soloko ujonga eyona ndlela imfutshane ukuhamba ngemoto ukuba akukho ndlela yimbi ngaphandle kokuyithatha. Ngale ndlela siza kujonga nepokotho.
- Sebenzisa umoya opholileyo kunye nokufudumeza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokutshatyalaliswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone nokuba lubaluleke kangakanani.