Ngexesha lasehlotyeni kukho iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga zemozulu ezithi zifune iimeko ezikhethekileyo ukuze zenzeke. Enye yezi ziganeko ukuqhuma kwe-thermal. Le yinto eyenzekayo xa imvula ewayo ingumphunga njengoko iwela umaleko womoya owomileyo okanye owomileyo kakhulu kwindawo efudumeleyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu, imvelaphi kunye neziphumo zokuqhuma kwe-thermal.
Iimpawu kunye nemvelaphi yokuphuma kwe-thermal
Njengoko umoya usihla, uyaphola uze ube nzima kunomoya oyingqongileyo. Xa umoya upholile, uba xinene ngakumbi kunomoya ojikelezileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uzike kumphezulu ngesantya esikhawulezayo kunomoya oyingqongileyo. Emva kokuba yonke imvula equlethwe kumoya ohlayo ingumphunga, umoya womile ngokupheleleyo kwaye awusakwazi ukujika. Njengoko umoya usihla, Ufudunyezwa kuxinzelelo lomoya.
Umoya kufuneka udlule kwenye inkqubo emva kokuba umoya ohlayo ungasakwazi kupholiswa, kodwa umoya uqhubeleka ukuhla ukuya phezulu ngenxa yesantya sawo. Njengoko umoya ucinezelekile, uyafudumala. Umoya oshushu, owomileyo uqala ukutshona kumphezulu woMhlaba, uzuza amandla njengoko usiya. Lo moya ushushu, nowomileyo uqhubeka usihla de ufikelele phezulu, apho umfutho wawo usasazeka ngokuthe tye kuwo wonke umphezulu macala onke. Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho umoya ovuthuzayo onamandla (ukungena komoya oshushu, owomileyo ovela phezulu kubangela ukuba ubushushu bomphezulu bunyuke ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye umbethe ujonge ukuwa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu).
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba njengoko iqondo lokushisa linyuka, ubuninzi buyancipha (lo moya wokutshona sele uhamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuncipha koxinzelelo lwalo moya akuwucothi). Imimoya eshushu isoloko ihamba nemimoya ebhudla ngamandla kwaye kunzima ukuyiqikelela. Zinokuthi zenzeke kwiindawo ezaziwa ngokusekwe kwidatha yemozulu ukusuka kwiintsuku ezidlulileyo, okanye zinokulinganiswa.
Imizekelo yokuqhunyiswa kwe-thermal
Eminye imizekelo yomoya oshushu kakhulu okanye oshushu kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele ibandakanya ukwanda Amaqondo obushushu angama-86 e-Abadan, eIran, apho abantu abaninzi babhubhela khona. Iqondo lobushushu lenyuka ukusuka kwi-37,8 ukuya kwi-86 degrees kwimizuzu nje emibini. Omnye umzekelo yi-66,3 degrees Celsius e-Antalya, eTurkey ngoJulayi 10, 1977. Ezi ngxelo azikho ngokusemthethweni.
EMzantsi Afrika, Ukuvuthuza kwe-thermal kwafudumeza ubushushu ukusuka kwi-19,5 degrees ukuya kuma-43 degrees kwimizuzu nje emihlanu ngexesha lokuduma kwezulu phakathi kwe-9 ne-9: 05. Oku kwenzeka eKimberley. Kukho iingxelo ezingekho semthethweni ezivela ePortugal, e-Iran naseTurkey, kodwa alukho olunye ulwazi oluqinisekisayo. Ukuqwalaselwa kwemozulu ngelo xesha akukho nto ibonisa ukuba ezi ngxelo bezichanile. Isazi ngemozulu sathi iqondo lobushushu lenyuka laya kutsho kuma-43 ngokukaCelsius, kodwa ithemometha yakhe yayingakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo ukufikelela kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. Iqondo lobushushu lehla laya kutsho kwi-19,5°C ngo-21:45.
Amatyala eSpain
Kwilizwe lethu kukho ezinye iimeko zokugqabhuka okushushu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ziganeko zinxulunyaniswa nokuvuthuza komoya onamandla kunye nokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwamaqondo obushushu. Amanzi akulo moya ayatshona aze abe ngumphunga ngaphambi kokuba afikelele emhlabeni. Kungeli xesha apho umoya ohlayo utshisa ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubangelwa ubunzima obuninzi bekholomu yomoya ngaphezu kwabo. Isiphumo kukufudumeza komoya ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuncipha kokufuma.
Iingcali zeMeteorology zibanga ukuba amafu anokubonwa ngokukhawuleza etshintsha ngokuthe nkqo kwaye abonisa ukulungiswa okuthe nkqo okuthe nkqo. Nangona ijongeka ngathi inye, ngamafu avela ngokukhawuleza ngokuthe nkqo ukuze ibenokubonakala ngathi ziinkanyamba. Ukufudumala okushushu kuhlala kwenzeka ebusuku okanye kusasa xa iqondo lobushushu phezu komhlaba lisezantsi kunaleko kwangoko ngaphezulu kwayo.
Ngenxa yeziphumo zazo ezonakalisayo, le mizila ishushu inokuphazanyiswa ziinkanyamba kuba zikwayanyaniswa nomoya onamandla. Nangona kunjalo, inokwahlulwa ngumkhondo womonakalo owushiye ngasemva.
Kwimeko yaseCastello, Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuvuthela okomileyo kwaye kwenzeka xa imvula isihla kwaye ingumphunga njengoko idlula kumaleko womoya owomileyo okanye owomileyo kakhulu kwindawo efudumeleyo noko.. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi siphango semvula siyaba ngumphunga, sipholise umoya osezantsi kwaye sibangele ukuwa ngokukhawuleza. Umoya uyafudumala njengoko umoya usiya ngesantya ukuya kumhlaba.
Ngeli xesha, umoya ofikelela kumphezulu ushushu kakhulu, ngoko unokukhawuleza ubangele ukwanda okukhulu kweqondo lokushisa, njengoko kwabhalwa kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseCastello. Ngomhla we-6 kaJulayi, 2019, kwabakho ukugqabhuka kobushushu eAlmería iqondo lobushushu linyuke ngaphezu kwe-13 ºC, lisuka kwi-28,3 ºC ukuya kuma-41,4 ºC, kwimizuzu nje engama-30, ngokweerekhodi ze-Aemet.
ubudlelwane kunye nezaqhwithi
Umoya ovuthuza ngamandla ovuthuzayo ngexesha lezaqhwithi ezinkulu, ezihamba nemvula enkulu, zizaqhwithi ezoyikeka kakhulu kwinqwelomoya. Kule meko, zenziwe ngokudityaniswa kweziganeko: Ubunzima bomoya kwisiphango buyaphola, Iba denser (nzima) kwaye iwe ngokukhawuleza njengoko isondela emhlabeni.
Imeko yokugqabhuka kwe-thermal ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye kufuneka inikwe ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwe-atmospheric ukuze lwenzeke, ngokukodwa ukusabalalisa kwe-atmospheric kumbindi kunye namaleko asezantsi kushushu kakhulu kwaye komile. Ukuba besiya kwenza isaqhwithi esivuthuzayo esivuthiweyo kwimekobume enjalo, imvula ehamba kunye nokudubula okuhlayo iya kuba ngumphunga, incede ukupholisa ngakumbi ubunzima bomoya..
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ixesha apho imvula ingakwazi ukujika ibe ngumphunga. Ukususela kulo mzuzu ukuya phambili, njengoko ubunzima bomoya buqhubeka buhla, inkqubo ye-thermodynamic ebizwa ngokuba yi-adiabatic compression iqala ukwenzeka. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba obu bunzima bomoya bunomqolo omkhulu womoya ngaphezu kwawo, ucinezela ngenxa yobunzima obuxhasayo. Uxinzelelo lwe-Adiabatic luvelisa ukufudumeza kobunzima bomoya kunye nokulahlekelwa kokufuma emoyeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuphuma kwe-thermal kunye neempawu zayo.