Siyazi ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha le-geological elidlulileyo kwiplanethi yethu kuye kwakho ukuphela kwezinto ezininzi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga Ukuphela kwePermian. Sesinye seziganeko ezi-5 eziyintlekele iplanethi yethu eye yahlangabezana nayo kwimbali yayo.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku kuyo yonke into oyifunayo malunga nokupheliswa kwePermian kunye neziphumo zayo.
Ukuphela kwePermian
Nangona uninzi lwabantu lukholelwa ukuba ukuphela kweedinosaurs yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, akunjalo. Kukho izifundo ezininzi ezenziwa kwidatha eqokelelwe ziingcali kule ndawo, kwaye bayangqina ukuba ukuphela kobuninzi bekusekupheleni kwePermian kunye nokuqala kweTriassic. Isizathu sokuba ithathwa njengeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba phantse zonke iintlobo zobomi emhlabeni zibhangile.
Koku kupheliswa, ngaphezulu kwama-90% azo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni zacinywa. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iplanethi yethu yayiphila ngelo xesha. Inyani yokuba babekho inani elikhulu leentlobo zezilwanyana kwaye ubomi babuphuhliswa kufezekisiwe ngenxa yezifundo zeefosili. Ngenxa yokutshabalala kwePermian, iplanethi yomhlaba yayiyinkangala. Iimeko ezingathandekiyo eziphuhliswe yiplanethi zithetha ukuba kuphela ezinye iintlobo ezinokuphila.
Ukupheliswa koku kusebenza njengesiqalo sokuzalwa ngokutsha kwezinye iintlobo ezazilawula iminyaka elandelayo yeplanethi kwaye zazidinosaurs ezaziwayo. Oko kukuthi, enkosi ukuphela kwePermian, sinobukho beedinosaurs.
Izinto ezibangela ukuphela kwePermian
Ukupheliswa okwenzekileyo ngasekupheleni kwePermian nasekuqaleni kweTriassic bekungumbandela wofundo lwezazinzulu ezininzi iminyaka emininzi. Uninzi lwezifundo zinikele kwimizamo yazo yokufumana unobangela ovela kolu hlobo lwentshabalalo. Ekuvukeni kwento eyenzeke kudala akukho bungqina bufunyenweyo bokuqinisekisa unobangela wale ntlekele. Unokuba neenkolelo kuphela ezisekwe kufundo olunzulu kunye nolwazelelo lweefosili eziye zafunyanwa.
Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokukholelwa ukuba ukubulawa kwePermian kwenzeka ngenxa yentshukumo enkulu yentaba-mlilo. Kuba iintaba-mlilo bezisebenza ngamandla, zikhuphe iigesi ezininzi eziyityhefu emhlabeni. Ezi gesi zibangele utshintsho olukhulu ekwakhiweni kweatmosferi eyenza ukuba iintlobo zingakwazi ukuphila.
Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo yayinamandla ngokukodwa kwenye yengingqi yeSiberia. Lo mmandla ucebile kwilitye lentaba-mlilo namhlanje. Ngexesha lePermian, wonke lo mmandla waqhambuka ngokulandelelana okwaqhubeka kangangesigidi seminyaka. Kufuneka ucinge nje ngentaba-mlilo esebenzayo iminyaka esisigidi ukuze uqonde ukuba iatmosferi ingakutshintsha ukwakheka kwayo ibe yityhefu.
Zonke izidubulo zentaba-mlilo azikhuphelanga kuphela isixa sodaka, kodwa kunye neegesi. Iigesi apho sifumana khona i-carbon dioxide. Zonke ezi ziganeko bezanele ukubangela utshintsho olukhulu lwemozulu, olonyuse amaqondo obushushu eplanethi.
Asinguwo wedwa umhlaba owawuchaphazeleka ziintaba-mlilo. Amanzi amanzi nawo afumana umonakalo omkhulu ngenxa yongcoliseko olunzulu ngenxa yenqanaba lezinto ezithile ezinobuthi ezikhutshwe ziintaba-mlilo. Phakathi kwezi zinto zinetyhefu sifumana i-mercury.
Impembelelo yemeteorite
Enye yeethiyori esekwe ukuchaza ukuphela kwePermian yileyempembelelo yemeteorite. Ukuwa kwemeteorite sesona sizathu sikhankanyiweyo kuzo zonke iingcali ngalo mbandela. Kukho ubungqina bendalo obubonisa ukuba iye yadibana nemeteorite enkulu eyabetha umphezulu womhlaba. Nje ukuba le meteorite inkulu ingqubane nomphezulu womhlaba, yavelisa isiphithiphithi nentshabalalo. Emva kolu ngquzulwano, kwabakho ukuncitshiswa kubomi beplanethi iphela.
Kwilizwekazi iAntarctica, umngxuma omkhulu malunga malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-500 ububanzi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba i-asteroid ishiye umngxuma wobukhulu obu, inokuba umlinganiso ubuncinci beekhilomitha ezingama-50 ububanzi. Ngale ndlela, siyabona ukuba impembelelo enkulu yemeteorite inokuba ngunobangela wokunyamalala kobomi obuninzi emhlabeni.
Izazinzulu ezifanayo ezifunda izizathu zokutshabalala kwePermian ngabo baqinisekisayo kwaye baveza ukuba ifuthe lale asteroid likhulule ibhola enkulu yomlilo. Ibhola enkulu yomlilo ivelise imimoya ngesantya esimalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-7000 ngeyure. Ukongeza, kukho ukungxamiseka kokuhamba kwe-telluric efikeleleyo igqithe kumanqanaba okulinganisa okwaziwayo ngoku. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukungqubana kohlobo lweemeteorite njengale siyikhankanyileyo kunokubangela ukukhutshwa kwamandla malunga ne-1000 yezigidigidi zeemegons. Ngesi sizathu, impembelelo ye-meteorite kwiplanethi yethu yayisesinye sezona zizathu zamkelweyo zokuphela kobuninzi bePermian.
Ukukhululwa kweMethane hydrate
Esinye isizathu sokuba ukuphela kwePermian kukholelwa ukuba kuqalile kungenxa yokukhululwa kweemethane hydrate. Siyazi ukuba iidipozithi ezinkulu zeemethane hydrate eziqinileyo ziyafumaneka elwandle. Njengoko ubushushu beplanethi bukhula, ngokunjalo nobushushu beelwandle. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo okanye ukungqubana kwe-asteroid, ibangele ukuba amaqondo obushushu eplanethi anyuke. Ngenxa yoku kunyuka okuncinci kubushushu bamanzi, i-methane hydrate inyibilika. Oku kubangela ukuba isixa esikhulu segesi yemethane sikhutshelwe emoyeni.
Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba i-methane yirhasi yegreenhouse enamandla amakhulu okunyusa ubushushu, kuba inamandla amakhulu okugcina ubushushu. Kukho intetho malunga nokunyuka malunga ne-10 degrees ngokomndilili kwihlabathi liphela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nonobangela wokutshabalala kwePermian nokubaluleka kwayo.