Sele kudlule amashumi eminyaka bethetha ngalo ncibilika kwiipali kubangelwa kukufudumala komhlaba. Iqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo leplanethi linyuka liye kuthi ga apho kubangela ukugqabhuka kweepepeki kunye nokunyibilika kwazo. Utshintsho lwemozulu sesinye seziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zokunyuka kwefuthe lokushisa. Idatha kolu thaw iyothusa kakhulu kuba inokubonwa ukuba inkqubo iyakhawulezisa ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokunyibilika kwezibonda.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukunyibilika kwezibonda
Xa sisithi kukho ukunyibilika kwezibonda, oko kuthetha ukuba izivingco zomkhenkce ziyanyibilika. Ukuphulukana nomkhenkce ukuba ioyile amanzi ajike abe lulwelo kubangela ukwanda kumanqanaba olwandle nakwiilwandle. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukubanda kunye nokunyibilika yinkqubo yendalo okoko umhlaba unamaxesha ahlukeneyo okugabha kunye nokufudumala. Nangona kunjalo, into eyoyikayo ayisiyiyo yokuba kukho ukunyibilika ngenxa yemijikelezo yendalo yeplanethi yethu, kodwa a Inkqubo ekhawulezileyo ngenxa yezenzo zabantu kunye nemisebenzi.
Ingxaki kukuba ukunyibilika komkhenkce kwenzeka ngesantya esikhawulezayo kunokuba kwenzekile kwimbali yemijikelo yokuqhaqhaqha nokufudumala kweplanethi yethu. Oku kungenxa yesenzo esikhulu sabantu esibangela ukukhutshwa kwegesi enobushushu obukwaziyo ukugcina ubushushu emoyeni. Njengoko ubushushu obuninzi buqokelelana, amaqondo obushushu aphakathi ayenyuka kwaye ibangela ukunyibilika kweepopic caps.
Lo mnqamlezo usinika ngokwendalo kwaye kufanele ukuba ubonakale njengengxaki engxamisekileyo nengxamisekileyo ebantwini nakubo bonke abanye abantu abahlala kwiplanethi.
Ubushushu beAntarctica
Amanzi ajike aba ngumkhenkce okhoyo e-Antarctica efudumala msinyane kunomyinge wehlabathi. Siyazi ukuba iplanethi yonke iyafudumala, kodwa iyafudumala kuyo yonke indawo. Indawo yeAntarctic okanye yeSouth Pole ifudumeza ngesantya esikhawulezayo kunesinye ngenxa yokuhamba kwebhanti lokuhambisa. Ibhanti yokuhambisa kukufuduswa komoya okuhambisa imikhosi yomoya ukusuka kwi-Equator ukuya kwizibonda. Ukuba ezi zixhobo zomoya ziphethe ii-greenhouse gases ngaphakathi kwazo, ziqala ukugxila kwindawo enkulu kwindawo yeepali. Oku kubangela ukuba inani elikhulu leegesi zegreenhouse zibekho kwiipali, nangona zisikhupha ngqo ukusuka apho.
I-Antarctica inyusa ubushushu obuphakathi kwizinga le-0.17 degrees Celsius ngelixa ekuphumeni lenza iqondo le-0.1 degrees ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, sibona ukunyibilika ngokubanzi kwiplanethi. Ngenxa yokunyibilika komkhenkce, inqanaba lolwandle liyenyuka emhlabeni jikelele.
Kukho idatha ebonisa ukwanda komkhenkce eAntarctica. Ingabonakala ngathi iyaphambanisa nangona inyani yokuxhaphaka iyenzeka. Lilonke, umkhenkce wolwandle wehlile nangona iAntarctic ice inyukile. Oko ebehlala esenza oko ukusukela ngo-1979 kwaye kufuneka kongezwe ukuba iGreenland nawo onke amaqhwa omkhenkce akwiplanethi nawo alahlekile. Ke ngoko, kunokutshiwo ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umhlaba uphelelwa ngumkhenkce ngokuxhumaxhuma kunye nemida.
Oku kulahleka kubanzi komhlaba okhuselayo kubangela umphezulu ubonakalise amandla elanga amancinci. Oku kwaziwa njenge albedo. IAlbedo sisakhono somhlaba ukuze sikwazi ukubuyisela inxenye yesiganeko imitha yelanga kumphezulu ubuyele kwisithuba esingaphandle. Inyaniso yokuba umhlaba une-albedo esezantsi yenza ubushushu behlabathi bube qatha ngakumbi kwaye, ke, inkqubo ibuyiselwa umva ngendlela ekhawulezileyo. Yiyo ke loo nto unyibiliko lwenzeka ngesantya esiphezulu. Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba oku kuchaphazela amanqanaba olwandle, kubangele ukuba inyuke ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza.
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke idatha ethe yafaniswa ngoososayensi, kukho ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba ubushushu behlabathi abukho nje kuphela kodwa buyakhawuleza kumaxesha akutshanje. Amanye amajelo osasazo ayaqhubeka nokujongela phantsi iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu ukugxila kwezinye izinto.
I-Antarctica ice inyuke ngo-2012
Oku kuvakala ngathi kuyaphazamisa ukuba kukho umkhenkce wolwandle waseAntarctic ongaphezulu. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba unobangela wale meko ngumoya. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kumkhenkce wolwandle onxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nemimoya yendawo. Kungenxa yokuba amandla aguqukayo omoya obandayo yile athwala umkhenkce usuke elunxwemeni. Le mimoya iyakwazi ukukhenkceza amanzi. Kukwabonakalisiwe ukuba umngxunya we-ozone kumazantsi e-hemisphere uchaphazela le nto.
Uninzi lomkhenkce weAntarctic nasemhlabeni. Yindawo enkulu egubungela umphezulu womhlaba kwaye yolulelwe elwandle ngeenxa zonke. I-Antarctic ice sheet iyancipha ngomyinge we-100 yee-cubic kilometres ngonyaka.
Thaw kwiipali kunye neziphumo
Okuchasene kwenzeka kwiArctic. Uninzi lwalapha lulwandle ngelixa iAntarctica ingqongwe ngumhlaba. Oku kwenza indlela yokuziphatha ngaphambi kokuba imozulu yahluke. Nangona umkhenkce odada emanzini unyibilika, awunampembelelo incinci ekunyukeni kwamanqanaba olwandle. Oku akunjalo kwimikhenkce yasezintabeni okanye eAntarctic.
Idatha yakutshanje yokunyibilika kwezibonda ibonisa ukuba eAntarctica kukho enye yezona glaciers zikhulu kakhulu ezaziwa ngegama likaTotten elinyibilikayo ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle. Balahlekelwe sisixa esikhulu somkhenkce kwaye konke oku kuya kuchaphazeleka kukunyuka komphakamo wolwandle. I-NASA ibhengeze ukuba kubonakala ngathi sifikelele kwinqanaba apho imeko yokunyibilika kwiipali ingenakuguqulwa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokunyibilika kwiipali.