Xa sithetha nge-thermodynamics, i entropy. I-entropy yenkqubo luhlobo lomlinganiselo wamandla ongafumanekiyo kwinkqubo ye-thermodynamic okanye evaliweyo ehlala icingelwa njengenyathelo lokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo. Yipropathi yombuso wenkqubo eyahluka ngokuthe ngqo kulo naluphi na utshintsho, ukuba nje inokubuyiselwa kubushushu benkqubo okanye ngokuchaseneyo nobushushu benkqubo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-entropy kwaye siza kukunika imizekelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Inkcazo ye-entropy
Siyazi ukuba ngumlinganiselo wamandla ongafumanekiyo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo evaliweyo ye-thermodynamic. Enye yeendlela zokusebenzisa i-entropy kukulinganisa ukungahambi kakuhle kwenkqubo. Koko kukuthi, Isiphithiphithi ngaphakathi kwenkqubo kungenxa ye-entropy. Ngokwesiqhelo, njengoko iqondo lobushushu lisonyuka okanye lincipha, kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwiimolekyuli nakwiiathom ezenza inkqubo.
Ukuba sichaza i-entropy ngamagama alula sinokuthi kukuthotywa kwemicimbi kunye namandla kwindalo iphela ukuya kuthi ga kwimeko yokugqibela yokungalingani.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili zibandakanya. Inempawu ezintathu eziphambili. Enye yazo kukuba ukungena kwenkqubo kuyonyuka xa ubushushu bunikezelwa kwinkqubo nokuba ubushushu buyonyuka na ngenxa yoko. Oko kukuthi, kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo apho singenisa khona ubushushu, inkqubo iyanda.
Xa sizisa ubushushu kwi-ecosystem, nokuba iqondo lobushushu liyatshintsha okanye hayi, i-entropy iyancipha xa obu bushushu bunqatshelwe. Kwi Kuzo zonke iinkqubo ze-adiabatic, ixabiso le-entropy lihlala lihlala lihleli ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ulinganisa njani i-entropy kufuneka yenziwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Kwaye kukuba, xa kulinganiswa, izigqibo ezingenamthetho kufuneka zenziwe kwaye ezinye zazo zinokuthintelwa. Umzekelo, iyunithi yegranularity, ithatha into ebizwa ngokuba ngumyinge we-entropy, kodwa eminye imiqobo ayinakoyiswa.
Masithathe umzekelo wokucacisa ngcono oku. Ukuba kufuneka senze ukhetho malunga nendlela yokuchaza iziganeko ezithile ezenzekayo kuba i-entropy ayinakwenzeka, sinokuchaza into efanayo ngendlela efanayo. Lo ngumda omkhulu kunesithintelo esiqhelekileyo kwaye kuyaziwa ngokubanzi ukuba ukuze kulinganiswe i-entropy, idomeyini yengxaki eza kunyangwa kufuneka yaziwe.
Nangona kunjalo, sinokuyichaza i-entropy njengomsebenzi olula kakhulu. Inelogarithm enye kuphela echaphazelekayo kunye nenani lezinto ezineempawu ezithile zomdla.
Iipropathi ze-entropy
Siza kuqala ukuchaza ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-entropy kumava ethu emihla ngemihla. Ingaboniswa njengento engenabunzima kwaye ezinokuhamba ziye kuyo yonke into esehlabathini. Yipropathi enento yokwenza nenani lezinto emzimbeni obhekisa kwingingqi yesithuba kwaye inokunyangwa njengezinto. Ngele ndlela, i-entropy inokusasazwa ngakwindawo yomcimbi, eqokelelwe ngokuchaseneyo okanye ngokuthe ngqo. Inokuphinda ikhutshwe, idityaniswe okanye idluliselwe kwenye into. Ngale ndlela, sinokuyidibanisa namandla ethu.
Siyazi ukuba entropy itshintsha imeko yento ngokubonakalayo. Xa izinto ziphantsi ngobungakanani, zibonwa njengokubanda. Ukuba intsomi yezinto iqulethe ngakumbi nangakumbi isixa se-entropy inokubonwa njengokuba kushushu. Kungenxa yoko le nto siyazi ukuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke imiba ye-thermal kwaye inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengonobangela wezi ziphumo. Ngaphandle kwalo mlinganiso akukho bushushu okanye bushushu. Ngokwesiqhelo ithambekele ekusasazeni kuwo wonke umzimba ofanayo kwaye itshatyalaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphezulu okanye kancinci ngokukhawuleza nangokufanayo kuwo wonke umqulu.
Kule nkqubo, sinokubona ukuba ukungena kwe-entropy ukusuka kwezona zishushu ukuya kumzimba obanda kakhulu. Kukho izinto eziqhuba kakuhle ezinje ngesilivere, ubhedu, idayimani kunye nealuminium kunye nezinye ezingalunganga kwaye ezenza ukuba zihambe kancinci ngokungathi ngumthi, iiplastiki okanye umoya. Ngelixa kubomi bemihla ngemihla sisebenzisa abaqhubi abalungileyo ukuyidlulisa, sisebenzisa abaqhubi abangalunganga njengama-insulators.
Isixa esikhulu se-entropy siveliswa kwikhoyili yokufudumeza yesityalo. Zikwenzeka kwilangatye lesitshisi seoyile nakwindawo yokukhuhlana kwenkqubo yokuqhekeza idiski. Enye indawo apho isixa esikhulu senziwe khona yimisipha yembaleki ehamba ngokuqhubekayo. Kukwanjalo nakwingqondo. Xa sicinga, inani elikhulu le-entropy liveliswa.
Ubushushu kunye nendalo
Siyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba imveliso ivela kuzo zonke iimeko kwindalo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko apho kukho utshintsho kukho ukungena entropy. Olona phawu lumangalisayo olunalo kukuba lwenzeka phantse kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezenzeka ebomini, nokuba zincinci okanye zininzi. Okwangoku akukho ndlela yaziwayo, Nje ukuba ubungakanani be-entropy buvelisiwe, abunakonakaliswa. Inani elipheleleyo elikhoyo linokunyuka kuphela kwaye lingaze lehle
Nayiphi na inkqubo evelisa i-entropy ayinakubuyisela la mandla kuba iyinkqubo engaguqukiyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba umzimba ungabuyela kwimeko yawo yokuqala, kuphela ukuba eli nani lobushushu liwushiye umzimba wakho. Ibango lokuba liyonyuka kodwa alinciphi Yile nto iqulethwe ngumthetho wesibini we-thermodynamics. Ukuba akukho ndawo yokufaka i-entropy, akunakwenzeka ukuba umzimba ubuyele kwimeko yawo yokuqala.
Njengoko ubona, kuyinto enzima ukuyichaza kodwa iluncedo kakhulu imihla ngemihla. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nesi sihloko.