Oko kwaqala ukusebenza Isivumelwano saseParis, Abezopolitiko kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathi bazibophelele ekupheliseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi ekhulisa ubushushu, kuquka ne-CO2. Uqoqosho lwehlabathi lubonakalisile ukuba luyakhula ngaphandle kokukhupha ii-greenhouse gases ezingakumbi, ukusukela oko kukhutshwa zihlabathi zihlale zingagungqi kangangeminyaka emithathu ilandelelana .
Nangona kunjalo, phantse ikhulu lezenzululwazi lisebenze ukupapasha uphando olubonisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-methane (enye igesi yendlu eluhlaza) kwiatmosfera yethu. isongela ngokutshabalalisa yonke into eyenziwayo kwidabi lokulwa utshintsho lwemozulu.
Irhasi yemethane
I-Methane, kunye ne-CO2 kunye ne-nitrogen oxide, yenye yeegesi eziphambili zokugcina izityalo. Nangona icarbon dioxide ikho umtyholwa we-80% yobushushu behlabathi, imigibe yemethane iphinda-phinde ama-28 kobushushu obuninzi. Okwangoku, okwangoku, uxinzelelo lwayo emoyeni lusezantsi kakhulu kunolo lwe-CO2. Ngelixa kugqithisile i-CO2 Amalungu angama-400 kwisigidi, imethane yafikelela kwi-1.834 kodwa kwiibhiliyoni zonke.
Kwingxelo ebipapashiwe kwimethane, kufunyaniswe ukuba kangangeminyaka apho uzinzo lweemethane lwaluzinzile, kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo baqala ukukhula kwakhona kwaye khange benze njalo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Phakathi konyaka we-2006 nowama-2015 ukunyuka kwayo kuyanda emoyeni iye yanda ngama-20 amaxesha. Ubungakanani beemethane buye bakhutshelwa emoyeni kangangokuba umjikelo wokususwa kwegesi yendalo awunalo ixesha lokuyifumana kwaye awunakukufunxa.
Uzinzo lwamva nje ebesinalo kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo yokukhupha i-CO2 yahluke mpela kukonyuka okukhawulezileyo kunye nokukhawuleza kwemethane. Kwisifundo esenziwe, bamalunga nama-90 abaphandi abavela kumaziko angama-50. Ingxelo ebanzi kakhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku malunga nokuba ingakanani imethane esemoyeni, ukuba isuswa kangakanani kumjikelo wonyaka, kwaye zonke izinto ezikhutshwa yile gesi yendlu eluhlaza zivela phi.
Nciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane
Imveliso yokutya inoxanduva lwesithathu sokukhutshwa kwemethane yabantu. Isivumelwano saseParis sizama ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kuxhomekeke kuphuhliso lwelizwe ngalinye. Nangona kunjalo, Imethane ayixoxwa kwaye yenye yeengxaki ezinzima Ukusukela ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kunokwenzeka ukuba ungazami ukufikelela kwinqanaba elinyukayo le-2 kwiqondo lobushushu behlabathi, kodwa, kule meko, sinegesi ye-methane, ethi ibambe ubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-CO2.
Ukuba ukuxinaniswa kwale gesi emoyeni idlula kwi-1.900 ppbUkuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kuya kuncitshiswa sisiphumo esinamandla se-CH4. Ndiyakhumbula ukuba uxinzelelo lwangoku lukwi-1.834.
Ivelaphi igesi yemetane engaka?
Ukuthintela ukunyuka kwamanqanaba amabini kubushushu behlabathi, akufuneki sinciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kuphela, kodwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwemethane. Kwizigidi ezingama-558 zeetoni zemethane ezikhutshwa minyaka le, I-60,8% ibangelwe yimisebenzi yoluntu kwaye ezinye ziyimvelaphi yendalo (imigxobhozo, iintubi, i-methane ye-geological ...) Isithathu sokukhutshwa kwe-anthropic sivela kwimfuyo kwaye, ngakumbi, kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ye-2.500 yezigidi zeenkomo, kubandakanya iinkomo, iigusha neebhokhwe, ezondla isiqingatha sobuntu. Kwaye izigidi zabantu zixhomekeke kwilayisi ukuze zisinde. Amasimi erayisi anoxanduva lokufumana i-9% yemethane efikelela kumoya ngonyaka.
Kukho eminye imithombo yoluntu, njengokulawulwa kwenkunkuma okanye ilindle elivelisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane kwaye elinokuncitshiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji. Nangona kunjalo, ukunciphisa indawo evelisiweyo kwimveliso yokutya inokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nolawulo kwimimandla emininzi. Ngapha koko, njengoko olu phononongo lubonisa, imfuyo kunye nezolimo zezimbini kwabo banoxanduva lokonyuka okukuko kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.
Ingxaki kuko konke oku amazwe ahluphekayo, angenako ukuzixakekisa ngento esele inzima kubo, njengokubonelela uluntu ngezixhobo zokutya. Nangona imethane isoyikisa ngokuwenza buthathaka umlo ochasene notshintsho lwemozulu, ingxaki inokujika ibe lithuba, ukusukela oko Imethane ithatha kuphela iminyaka eli-10 emoyeni Enkosi kubukho beoksijini.