Ubudlelwane phakathi kobushushu kunye nobushushu

Ngaba uyawazi umahluko phakathi kobushushu kunye nobushushu? Rhoqo la magama mabini ayabhidaniswa, asetyenziswa ngendlela engalunganga. Ngelixa zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo, azifani. Ke, ngelixa ubushushu luhlobo lwamandla, amandla obushushu, ubushushu ngumgangatho omisela ulwalathiso lokuhamba kobushushu.

Kodwa, Zeziphi iimpawu umntu ngamnye anazo? Siza kuthetha ngale nto kwaye ngakumbi kweli nqaku likhethekileyo. 

Buyintoni kanye kanye ubushushu?

Ngexesha leentsuku ezishushu, ngakumbi ehlotyeni, intetho esihlala siyithetha yile: "kushushu kangakanani!", Kulungile? Ewe, olu luvo luveliswa lilanga, into enkulu kakhulu kuneplanethi yoMhlaba (inobubanzi obuyi-696.000km, ngelixa ikhaya lethu 'kuphela' lingama-6.371, XNUMXkm), kwaye lishushu kakhulu: malunga 5600ºC, Xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili we-14ºC obhalwe apha.

Ubushushu kunokuthiwa ngu ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwinto enobushushu obuphakamileyo ukuya kwenye ebandayo '. Ke, phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ukulingana kwe-thermal kuya kufikelelwa, yile nto yenzekayo, umzekelo, xa singena ebhedini ebusika: amashiti neengubo ziyabanda ekuqaleni, kodwa kancinci kancinci ziya zifudumala.

Amandla obushushu anokuhanjiswa ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:

• Imitha: xa isasazeka ngohlobo lwamaza ombane, njengamandla elanga.
• Ukuqhuba: xa isasazeka ngokudibana ngqo, njengaxa sifaka icephe kwikofu entsha.
• Ukuhanjiswa: xa isasazwa ngolwelo okanye igesi, njengezifudumezi esinazo ekhaya.

Kwaye, yakube yenziwe, into unokuya kwelinye ilizwe, ezinokuqina, zingamanzi okanye zinerhasi. Olu tshintsho luyaziwa ngegama lotshintsho lwesigaba, oluhlala luyila ubume bomhlaba. Olona tshintsho luqhelekileyo kwisimo sezulu zezi:

• Ukusuka eqinileyo ukuya kulwelo, ebizwa fusion.
• Ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kokuqinileyo, okubizwa ukuqinisa.
• Ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwigesi, ebizwa umphunga.
• Ukusuka kwigesi ukuya kulwelo, ebizwa amafu.

Amandla obushushu alinganiswa iikhalori, ngokungafaniyo nobushushu obulinganiswa ngeedigri (nokuba nguKelvin, Celsius okanye Fahrenheit), okanye nakwiJoules (nge-1 kaJulayi ilingana nee-calories ezingama-0,23 malunga).

Inkcazo yobushushu

Ubushushu yi ipropathi yemiba elinganiswa ngethemometha. Ukusondela kwento kwenye ishushu, ubushushu bayo buya kunyuka. Thina ngokwethu, xa ngokomzekelo sigula kwaye sinefiva, iqondo lobushushu lomzimba wethu nalo liyonyuka.

Zintathu izikali ezilinganisayo, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili:

• Celsius: le siyaziyo kwaye siyisebenzisa kakhulu eYurophu, eneendawo ekubhekiswa kuyo ezibandayo (0ºC) kunye nokubilisa (100ºC).
• Fahrenheit: isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumazwe ase Anglo-Saxon. Iindawo zalo ekubhekiswa kuzo kukukhenkciswa komxube we-antifreeze wamanzi kunye netyuwa, kunye neqondo lobushushu lomzimba womntu. I-1 equC ilingana nama-33,8ºF.
• Kelvin: ukusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi. Iindawo ekubhekiswa kuzo azikho ngokupheleleyo kwaye indawo ephindwe kathathu yamanzi. I-1ºC ilingana ne-274,15ºK.

Amaqondo obushushu eMhlabeni 

Iqondo lobushushu liyahluka ngokwe ukuphakama, ngokusondela okanye umgama wolwandle kunye nomgca weikhweyitha, kunye nomzobo wobugcisa kunye nezityalo ngokwawo (Eyona ndawo inamaplanga, ezi zityalo zivelisa umphunga wamanzi xa zifotosinthesize, ezinokusinceda sikwazi ukumelana nobushushu). Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, zintathu izinto eziphambili emhlabeni:

• Indawo eshushu okanye yetropikiimi phakathi kweenjiko ezimbini zahlulwe yikhweyitha kwimimandla emibini elinganayo. Ubushushu obuphakathi bungaphezulu kwe-18ºC.
• Indawo enesimo esiphakathi (emantla nasemazantsi): zisuka kwiitropiki ziye ezipalini. Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi ngonyaka ahlala ejikeleze i-15ºC. Kwimimandla ebekwe kwindawo enemozulu epholileyo, amaxesha onyaka achazwe kakuhle.
• Indawo ebandayo (iipali): ibekwe phakathi kweArctic Circle kunye neNyakatho yePole, kunye neAntarctic Circle kunye neSouth Pole. Amaqondo obushushu ahlala egcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-0ºC, ade afike -89ºC.

Kwaye uvakalelo lobushushu? 

Nangona kwindawo yethu ithemometha iphawula ubushushu obuthile, mhlawumbi umzimba wethu uziva enye into eya kuthi ibe lixesha lokuthetha malunga uvakalelo lobushushu. Yintoni kanye kanye?

Ukuphola komoya kukuthi impendulo yomzimba ngexesha elichithwe kwimeko, kunye nemvakalelo yobushushu kuxa idlula i-26ºC, nangona iyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha esikulo nakulo mntu uqobo. Ngesi sizathu, abo bahlala kwimozulu enemozulu epholileyo okanye ebandayo abahlali bathande ubushushu obufumileyo beMeditera, kwaye abo bahlala kwimozulu eshushu okanye yetropical bahlala bekufumanisa kunzima ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu ebandayo.

Kwaye kukuba kokukhona ukufuma kukhona okusingqongileyo, kokukhona uya kuziva ubushushu ngakumbi; kwaye ezantsi, kuya kubanda. Ke, umzekelo, ubushushu be-30ºC nge-90% yokufuma, iya kuziva ngathi ithemometha iyamakisha ngokwenene 40ºC.

Ngaba ubuyazi ubudlelwane phakathi kobushushu kunye nobushushu?