Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomlambo omkhulu eNtshona Afrika. Imalunga nayo niger umlambo. Siziikhilomitha ezingama-4.200 ubude kwaye ngumlambo wesithathu mde kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, emva koMlambo iNayile noMlambo iCongo. Igama elithi Niger libizwa ngamaGrike, okanye kucingelwa njalo, kuba ukutyhubela imbali lo mlambo ubusaziwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimfihlelo, iimpawu, iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zoMlambo iNiger.
Indawo yomlambo iNiger
Lo mlambo useGuinea kwaye ukwicala leentaba zeFouta Djallon. Ngexesha leekhilomitha zokuqala ezili-160 zendlela ehamba nokuya emantla. Ukuqhubela phambili, kulandela ulwalathiso lwasentla-ntshona kwaye yinxalenye yekhosi apho uninzi lwentlawulo ephezulu lufumana khona. Le milambo yimilambo iMafou, iNiandan, iMilo kunye neSankarani ekunene kunye neTinkisso ngasekhohlo, kwaye ingena eMali.
Kukho intlambo eyenziwe kukungazinzi komhlaba okwahlulahlulwe kwaba ngamacandelo amabini akhawulezayo agxunyekwe ngamanzi axhaswe liDama laseMarkala kwaye imi malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-240 ngaphezulu kweDama laseSotuba kufutshane neSansanding. Kuwo wonke lo mgama, Umlambo iNiger uthatha ulwalathiso olungasempuma-mpuma-mpuma. Kule ndawo, ukhuko lwayo alunazithintelo ngenxa yoko ivumela intlenge. Eli candelo lilonke liikhilomitha ezili-1600 ubude.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kuzo zonke izibonelelo ezinayo uMlambo iNiger, eyona inkulu ngasekunene yiMopti. Kamva, amanye amachibi amancinci, imilambo kunye namanzi amileyo angena kummandla ezibizwa ngokuba yi-delta yangaphakathi yeNiger. La machibi akwinxalenye yebhanki yasekhohlo kwaye aqhagamshelwe kumlambo iNiger ngeendlela ezithile ezinokuthi zenze iinguqu ezithile kwicala lokuhamba kuxhomekeke kwixesha esikulo.
Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zomlambo amachibi ngokuyinxenye aba ngumkhukula ngokubanzi. Umlambo lowo igalelo lawo kwezoqoqosho libaluleke kakhulu. Ecaleni kwachweba eli sithethile ngalo, kukho umsebenzi omkhulu wokuloba ngexesha lembalela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuloba kufuneka kuyeke ukuba kumanzi anzulu naselunxwemeni kuba mancinci amanzi.
Ukuloba imilambo kulo mlambo ngomnye wemisebenzi ephambili kwezinye iidolophu ezinje iBozo neSomono kwingingqi yamachibi, iSorko embindini weNiger, iKede kunye neKakanda phakathi kweJebba neLokoja, kunye neWurbo kunye neJukun eBenue. Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ezithe zaphazamisa iindawo zokuloba eziseMfuleni iNiger kukufunyanwa kokuxhatshazwa kweoyile kwingingqi ye-delta. Yonke into ebikukuxhaphaza ubuncwane bendalo, kubandakanya amafutha ezinto ezingafunekiyo, ibangela iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwizityalo, izilwanyana kunye nomhlaba womlambo, ukongeza kumgangatho wamanzi.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zomlambo iNiger
Kuyo yonke ikhosi yayo, sinokufumana iindawo ezahlukeneyo zotyani eNtshona Afrika. Kukho indawo apho iNiger inyuka kancinci kuba idlula kwithafa laseFouta Djallon. Lo mmandla weethafa ligutyungelwe luhlobo lotyani oluneentambo ezininzi ezifakwe kumatye angenanto. Kule ndawo utyani bunzima kakhulu.
Wonke umlambo uqukuqela phakathi kwentlango edlulileyo enengca emfutshane nengapheliyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ungabona amatyholo anameva kunye neenkuni zomnga. Kwindawo esemazantsi oMlambo iNiger sinendawo enengca nengca ende edityaniswe nezityalo ezishinyeneyo ezinemithi. Oku kuyenziwa ngenxa yokuba zonke izakha mzimba ezihamba nazo emlanjeni kwaye zihamba kuwo wonke umgaqo wazo, zifikelela kwezona ndawo zisemazantsi kanye. Le ntlenga kuthanda ukukhula kohlaza ngaphandle komlambo ongena kwibhanti yamahlathi emvula apho kukho inani elikhulu lemvula.
Iindidi ezininzi zeentlanzi zifumaneka kuMlambo iNiger nakuwo onke amaza angena kuwo. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zisebenza njengokutya kwabemi yicarp, intlanzi yokudanisa kunye nenkuku yomNayile.Singafumana nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ecaleni komlambo, phakathi kwazo Iimvubu, kufuneka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengwenya kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamacilikishe.
Ngokubhekisele kwintaka yeentaka sikwanobutyebi obuninzi apho amarhanisi abonakala kakhulu kwimimandla yelake kunye neengqungqulu kunye nengwamza ecaleni komlambo kunye namachibi angqonge amachibi. Kufanelekile ukuqaqambisa isithsaba esimangalisayo esihlala sibonwa apho kunemihlaba evulekileyo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinengca. Ngokubhekiselele kwii-pelicans kunye ne-flamingo, ziyabonakala zidibaniswa nommandla ophezulu waseBenue. Kukho ezinye iintlobo zeentaka ezinxulunyaniswa ngakumbi neendawo eziselunxwemeni lomlambo, kubandakanya iintloko ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, iintaka zaselwandle, iintaka zengwenya, iimpungutye ezibomvu naluhlaza.
Ukusekwa kunye nosongelo
Umfula iNiger River Basin uvela kwimanyano yemanyano engaphumelelangayo yamacwecwe eteknoloji. Oko kukuthi, emva kwamacwecwe eteknoloji bazamile ukujoyina kodwa abakwazanga ngenxa yokwahlukana phakathi kwamacwecwe ase Mzantsi Melika kunye neAfrika. Oku kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kweJurassic kunye naseCretaceous. Kulapho kwavela khona ukwahlukahlukana komhlaba kunye neendawo zokubeka intlenga xa zibekwa ukuze zenze umlambo iNiger.
Phakathi kwezisongelo esinazo kwizityalo nezilwanyana kunye neendawo eziphila kulo mlambo sinokonyuka kubemi babantu kunye nokusetyenziswa okungagungqiyo kwemithombo yendalo. Oku kukhokelela kungcoliseko lwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa iintlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo. Ukuba sikubala ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokulinywa kwimihlaba eqhubeka ihlupheka ngakumbi, ukukhuthazwa kwentlango kuyakhuthazwa, kuqhubeka ngakumbi ukunciphisa umgangatho wale nkqubo yezinto eziphilayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neNiger River.