Zithini iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo eMhlabeni?

Iintaba-mlilo zizinto ezimangalisayo ezinokuthi, njengoko zinokudala amazwekazi okanye iziqithi, zinokutshabalalisa yonke into ngovuko olunye.. Ngapha koko, i-volcanologists banamehlo abo kwi-supervolcano yaseYellowstone, kuba xa iqhuma (eya kuthi, kungekudala okanye kamva), ubomi eMhlabeni abuyi kuphinda bufane kwakhona.

Ngaphandle kwengozi, abayeki ukusothusa. Zibanjiwe zakudala, xa bekusenziwa iplanethi. Iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo ngumboniso wendalo onomdla kakhulu ukuzibona, kodwa uhlala umgama okhuselekileyo. Ngaba ungathanda ukwazi ukuba ziphi?

Iintaba-mlilo eziphambili ezisebenzayo kwihlabathi

UBarcena

IBárcena ligama elinikwe enye yeentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo eMexico. Ime kwiArchillagigedo archipelago, kwiikhilomitha ezingama-350 emazantsi eBaja California Sur, kwiSiqithi saseSan Benedicto, enye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi kweli lizwe.

Ukuqhuma kokuqala okurekhodiweyo kwenzeka ngo-Agasti 1, 1952, mhla kwazalwa intaba-mlilo, ikhupha ikholamu yomlotha eyayingaphaya kweemitha ezingama-3000 XNUMX ukuphakama.

eyjafjallajökull

I-Eyjafjallajökull yi-stratovolcano eyi-1666 yeemitha eziphakamileyo enekala eligutyungelwe ngumkhenkce ixesha elininzi lonyaka. Ime emazantsi eIceland, kwaye isebenze malunga neminyaka engama-8.000U-2010 ungowona nyaka wakutsha nje uqhambukile.

Epreli 14th yagxotha malunga ne-250 yezigidi ze-cubic metres yothuthu lwentaba-mlilo, Ukufikelela kubude beekhilomitha ezilishumi elinanye kunye isasazeka ngakwindawo engamawaka eekhilomitha ezisikwere, yeyiphi unyanzelwe ukuba urhoxise ngaphezulu kweenqwelomoya ezingama-20.000.

INtaba i-Etna

I-Etna (unxweme olusempuma yeSicily, e-Itali), yeyona ntaba-mlilo iphambili eYurophu. Imalunga ne-3,329m ubude, kwaye Kukholelwa ukuba isigaba sayo sokuqhuma saqala kwiminyaka engama-500.000 eyadlulayo. Kuyamangalisa, kangangokuba i-UNESCO yabhengeza ukuba yiNdawo yeLifa leMveli lehlabathi ngoJuni ka-2013, kwaye yaqukwa nakwii-16 zeVolkano zeShumi leminyaka nguMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo.

Ukususela ngo-1600 AD. Kubekho okungenani ama-60 e-lateral kunye nokubaleka okungathethekiyo kule ngqungquthela, eyokugqibela ngowama-2008. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngo-1669 khange ibangele ngxaki ingako. Lo nyaka endaweni yoko, ngeenyanga zika-Matshi ukuya kuJulayi, wagxotha uqikelelo lwe-830.000.000 m3 yelava, apho kwanyanzeleka ukuba bayishiye idolophu yaseNicolosi.

Imikhumbi

Intaba-mlilo yaseGaleras ikwiColombia kwaye inobude obuziimitha ezingama-4276. Ukuqhuma kwayo kwaqala ukubhalwa ngo-1580, kwaye kwakutshanje ngo-1993. Kuyingozi kakhulu, kuba ikufuphi nesixeko esineyona ndawo inabantu abaninzi, iSan Juan de Pasto, enabemi abangama-450.815 (ngo-2017).

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje iye yaqhuma izihlandlo ezininzi, njengaleyo yangoJuni 7, 2009. Ngaloo mini ikholamu yomlotha malunga neekhilomitha ezisibhozo ukuphakama yakhutshwa. Iziqhushumbisi ezibini zixeliwe kwinxalenye yasentshona ye-volcano.

Isiqithi sase-El Hierro

Intaba-mlilo engaphantsi kwamanzi kwisiqithi i-El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) yatsala umdla woososayensi ngo-2011 Ngenxa yokuqhuma kwayo, okubangele ukuba ikhuphe izinto ezinomtsalane kwaye ibangele uthotho lweenyikima ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-5 kwisikali seRichter.

Njengokuba amanye amatye awileyo kwaye kwakulindelwe ukuba amandla kunye nokunyikima kwamaxesha kunyuka, abasemagunyeni bakhupha abantu abangamashumi amahlanu anesithathu Ukusuka kwiidolophu zase-El Lunchón, ePie Risco, eLos Corchos, eyinxalenye yeLas Puntas naseGuinea kumasipala waseFrontera.

I-Kilauea

IKilauea (eHawaii) yenye yeentaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu eHawaii nakwihlabathi. Ilinganisa malunga neemitha ezili-1247. Kukholelwa ukuba iphakathi kweminyaka engama-300.000 nama-600.000 ubudala, kwaye yavela ngaphezulu kwamanzi malunga neminyaka eyi-100.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo.

Ukuqhuma okwangoku kwaqala ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngo-1970, kunye ne esona sigaba sitshabalalisayo ngo-1990 xa udaka lwentaba-mlilo lwaluzalise idolophu ekufutshane yaseKalapanaNgeli xesha, yayisele itshabalalise izindlu ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwiinyanga nje ezili-9.

INtaba iMerapi

INtaba iMerapi, eyaziwa njengeNtaba yoMlilo, yintaba-mlilo efumaneka e-Indonesia. Imilinganiselo ye-2911 yeemitha, kwaye yenye yezona zinobungozi eMhlabeni. Ukususela ngo-1548 kuye kwaqhuma amaxesha angama-69.

Ngo-Okthobha u-2010 Ukuqhuma kwayo kwabangela inyikima enkulu kunye ne-tsunami eyabulala abantu abangama-7.7.

INtaba iNyiragongo

INtaba iNyiragongo, ebekwe kwiVirunga National Park kwiDemocratic Republic of the Congo) yeyona ndawo isebenza ngokukuko emhlabeni. Ilinganisa i-3470 yeemitha ukuphakama kwaye kule minyaka ili-150 idlulileyo ibhalise ngaphezulu kokuqhuma okungama-50. Kunye nentaba-mlilo yaseNyamuragira, kurhaneleka ukuba kubange i-40% yokuqhuma okurekhodwe e-Afrika.

Xa iqhuma, ikhupha udaka ngokukhawuleza, olunokufikelela kwiidolophu ezikufutshane ngokukhawuleza, ngesantya se-60km / h. Kwi 2002, abantu abamalunga nama-300.000 kuye kwafuneka basuswe.

INtaba iSanta Helena

INtaba iSanta Helena yistratovolcano eyi-2550 yeemitha ukuphakama. Ime kwi-Skamania County, kwiphondo lase Washington. Yenye yezona zaziwa kakhulu eMntla Melika, ukusukela oko ngoMeyi 1980 lwaqhuma ngamandla kangangokuba kwakungathi iibhombu zeatom ezingama-500 zaphoswa eHiroshima.

Kwakhona, ibangele inyikima enkulu ebange i-5.1 ebangele eyona nkungu inkulu yakha yabhalwa eMhlabeni, kunye nomthamo opheleleyo ojikeleze i-3,3 yezigidigidi zeemitha.

IVesubio mont

INtaba iVesuvius (e-Itali) ithathwa njengeyona ntaba-mlilo iyingozi emhlabeni ngenxa yendawo ekuyo, kuba ziikhilomitha ezili-9 kuphela ukusuka eNaples. Ilinganisa i-1281 yeemitha ukuphakama, kwaye Ngo-79 BC uqhushumbo lwazigquma ngothuko izixeko zaseHerculaneum nasePompeii.

Ukuba namhlanje iphinde yavela ngendlela efanayo, uninzi lwabemi kuya kufuneka lususwe kwangoko, kwaye abo bahlala, babebona amatye epumice amakhulu kakhulu kangangokuba ikholamu yegesi ayinakubamba.

sakurajima

ISakurajima iphakame ngeemitha ezili-1117 kwaye ikwisiqithi saseKyüshü (kwisithili saseKagoshima, eJapan). Ngomhla kaJanuwari 11, 1914, inyikima yaxwayisa abemi besiqithi, abasaswayo. Intaba-mlilo wagxotha ikholamu yomlotha eyenyuka yaya kutsho kwiikhilomitha ezisibhozo kubude. Kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva, inyikima enkulu yabulala abantu abangama-35. Ngenxa yobuninzi bodaka olwagxothayo, lwaqina kwaye lwajoyina i-Ösumi Peninsula.

Nangona sele ilele kancinci okanye kancinci ukusukela ngo-1955, inani elikhulu lemagma eliqokelelana ngaphakathi kuyo licebisa ukuba Ndiza kuvuka kungekudala.

ISanta María

I-volcano yaseSanta María, ekufutshane nesixeko saseQuetzaltenango, kwintshona yeGuatemala, ilinganisa i-3772 yeemitha. Nangona ikummandla onemozulu eshushu, ngenxa yokuphakama kwawo unokubonakala ugqunywe likhephu. Olona qhushumbo lukhulu ngo-1902, olwathi lwabulala abantu abangama-XNUMX XNUMX..

Ngo-Epreli 18 waloo nyaka, inyikima enkulu yatshabalalisa isixeko iQuetzatenango, saza ngo-Oktobha 24 i-volcano yagxotha malunga ne-5,5 km3 yemagma. Ukuqhuma kwakunzima kangangokuba kwafunyanwa umlotha wentaba-mlilo naseSan Francisco, ngaphezulu kwe-4.000km kude.

ulawun

I-volcano yase-Ulawun, enobude obuziimitha ezingama-2334, ikwisiqithi saseNew Britain, kwiziqithi zeBismarck (ePapua New Guinea), lurekhode uqhushumbe olungama-18 lulonke ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-22, eyokuqala kubo yayingo-1700.

Ngaba kukho iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo eSpain?

Nangona eSpain kukho iintaba-mlilo ezininzi, ezinjengeSanta Margarita (Olot), intaba-mlilo yaseCalatrava, okanye amatye eentaba-mlilo eCabo de Gata, i-Canary archipelago inomngcipheko ophezulu ngokuba imvelaphi yentaba-mlilo. Kukho intaba-mlilo iTeide (Tenerife) kunye neTeneguia volcano (isiqithi saseLa Palma), kunye nentaba-mlilo engaphantsi kwamanzi kufutshane ne-El Hierro njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili.

Nangona kunjalo, ngalo mzuzu akukho bungozi buninzi obukhoyo eHawaii okanye eJapan. Kwaqhuma uEl Teide okokugqibela ngoNovemba 18, 1909, naseTeneguia ngo-1971. Kwaye uEl Hierro akazange abangele monakalo.

Ngaba uyazi ngezinye iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo ngoku?