Mhlawumbi ukhe wazibuza lingakanani ubunzima belifu. Njengoko sisazi, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zabo kunye neemeko zokubunjwa. Ke ngoko, asinakuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba lingakanani ubunzima belifu, kodwa kufuneka siqale sibonakalise uhlobo lwelifu esijongene nalo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba lingakanani ubunzima belifu ngokohlobo lolwazi olunalo.
Ukwenziwa kwelifu
Amafu enziwa kukujiya komphunga emoyeni. Ngaphandle kwembonakalo yayo elula, egudileyo, kwaye ihlala intle, kunye neemilo ezahlukeneyo zixhonywe emoyeni, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwamafu yinto entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye ingaziwa kakhulu kwi-physicochemical mechanism. Inyaniso yeyokuba phantse onke amafu asele ekho, ngaphandle nje kwenkungu esemhlabeni, asadada emoyeni ngenxa yokuba ubunzima bawo bunokuxhaswa kukunyuka kwamaza omoya kwiziseko zawo okanye yimimoya evuthuzayo ethe tyaba.
Umgangatho welifu uxhomekeke kwisini sawo (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kophuhliso oluthe nkqo kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo) kunye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi (imvula, imvula ebandayo, ikhephu, isichotho). Ubunzima belifu bunokulinganiselwa ngokobuninzi. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, uxinaniso olubaliweyo lwengqimba yamafu e-cumulus ephakathi sisiqingatha segram ngecubic meter. Oko kukuthi, i-cubic meter nganye yefu inokuqulatha, ngokomlinganiselo, isiqingatha segrama yamanzi. Imilinganiselo yamaqela anjalo ziqhele ukuba yi-1000 yeemitha ubude, i-1000 yeemitha ububanzi kunye ne-1000 yeemitha ukuphakama. Ke ngoko, imalunga nomthamo wetyhubhu yeebhiliyoni zeecubic metres.
lingakanani ubunzima belifu
Ukuba sihlalutya ukuba amafu enziwe ngezigidi zamaconsi amanzi okanye iikristale zeqhwa, umbono wethu unokuqala ukutshintsha. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iqela lezenzululwazi ze-NOAA lasebenzisa umthetho ofanelekileyo wegesi ukufumana ubunzima obuqikelelwayo bamaqela amancinci, into ebizwa ngokuba ngamafu esibhakabhaka esicacileyoabavela kweli bali.
Ewe, elilifu lincinci line-1 km x 1 km kuphela umphezulu kunye ne-1 km ubude (oko kukuthi, i-1 km3 yomthamo) inobunzima be-550.000 kg. Isafana: I-500 itoni. Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, fumana umzekelo wokwenene nowendalo, olingana nobunzima beendlovu zaseAfrika ezili-100.
Amanzi emoyeni
Amafu yeyona nto ibonakalayo, kukho amanzi emoyeni, amanzi amaninzi. Njengoko usazi, kwanakwisibhakabhaka esicwengileyo, kukho amanzi amaninzi ngaphezu kwethu, nangona amasuntswana abumbayo emancinane kangangokuba asinakuwabona.
Uqikelelo lobungakanani bamanzi asemoyeni nangaliphi na ixesha lubonisa malunga ne-12.900 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Nangona inokuba ninzi, le mali yi-0,001% kuphela yamanzi ewonke eMhlabeni.
Kodwa inobunzima obungakanani ilifu? Ukusebenzisa umthetho ofanelekileyo wegesi, ubuninzi bomoya owomileyo kubude be-2 km yi-1,007 kg / m3, ngelixa ubuninzi bomoya omanzi. yi-1,007 kg/m3, eyi-0,5 g/m3 njengesiseko esisinika iinkcukacha kuxwebhu. Oko kukuthi, ilifu elincinci lemozulu ye-1 square kilometer ine-500 yezigidi zeegram zamathontsi amanzi, okanye iikhilogram ezingama-500.000.
Kwaye ulumke kuba amanye amafu anamanzi amancinci nangaphantsi, kodwa sikhethe elinye lamafu amancinci esinokuwabona esibhakabhakeni. Alithandabuzeki elokuba ubunzima besibhakabhaka bugutyungelwe yi-nimbostratus eqhelekileyo okanye ilifu elinamandla le-cumulonimbus. isenokufana nobunzima beendlovu ezininzi zaseAfrika ezili-100.
Kutheni amafu edada?
kwinqanaba lolwandle, uxinzelelo lomoya malunga ne-1 Kg / cm2. Ekubeni umoya unobunzima, kufuneka ube nokuxinana. Ukuba amafu enziwe ngamasuntswana amanzi, kutheni edada emoyeni? Ingongoma yeyokuba umthamo womoya ofanayo ohlaliswe ngamafu unoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunolo lunomoya owomileyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuxinana kwamafu kungaphantsi koxinano lwesibhakabhaka esicacileyo kwisithuba esinye, ngoko amafu ayadada.
Kodwa ngaphaya koko, kukho ukunyuswa kunye nokuhla okugcina la mathontsi amanzi okanye iikristale zomkhenkce ukuba zingawi de zibenzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubekho imvula.
elephant experiment
UPeggy Lemone, umphandi ophezulu kwiZiko leSizwe loPhando lweAtmospheric eBoulder, eColorado, ebesoloko efuna ukuphendula umbuzo awayezibuza wona ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengomntwana: Lingakanani ubunzima belifu?
Ukufumanisa oko, iLemone yaqalisa ukusebenza, yaqala yakhetha ilifu yaza yabala ukuxinana kwayo. Wakhetha ilifu eliqhelekileyo, «uhlobo lwamafu amhlophe afukufuku esiwabona ngemini enelanga, egqunywe ngamafu.» Njengomthetho jikelele, izazinzulu zicinga ukuba ilifu elinjalo liqulethe isiqingatha segrama yamanzi kwi-cubic meter.
Uze ulinganise ubukhulu belifu. Ukwenza oku, iLemone isebenzisa iodomitha yokulinganisa izithunzi zamafu xa ilanga liphezu kwentloko kanye. Eli lifu lidla ngokumila okwetyhubhu, ngoko ke ukuba isithunzi salo sinobude bekhilomitha, sikwanobude bekhilomitha. Oku kusinika izigidi zeekyubhiki zeemitha zamafu.
Ngoxinaniso kunye nedatha yevolumu esandleni, sinokubala ukuba angakanani amanzi akulo lifu: i-500 yezigidi zeegram zamanzi, okanye malunga neetoni ezingama-500. “Kunzima ukuba abantu bamele ngokwengqondo ezi zixa, ngoko ke sidla ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo yokomfuziselo ngakumbi, njengeendlovu,” icacisa iLemone. "Ke ukuba indlovu endala inomlinganiselo weetoni ezi-6, sinokuthi ilifu kuthethwa ngalo lilinganisa iindlovu ezingama-83."
Awona mafu anzima ngamafu amnyama ngenxa yokuba, ngokucacileyo, ngawona athwala amanzi amaninzi. Ngoko, ngokutsho kweLemone, Lamafu anobunzima obungange "200,000 elephants".
Inokuba idada emoyeni njani? lula kakhulu. “Akufani neendlovu ezingama-200.000 ezinokudada emoyeni. Oko akunakwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni. Yintoni eyenzekayo kukuba, kwimeko yamafu, ubunzima busasazwa phezu kwenani elikhulu lamathontsi amancinci kunye neekristale zomkhenkce kwindawo enkulu kakhulu. " Awona mathontsi makhulu akanakuze abe yindlovu, angabi ngaphezu kwe-0,2mm ububanzi, kwaye mancinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba angadada kwimo engqongileyo. »
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba lingakanani ubunzima belifu.