Ixesha, iiyure, imizuzu, imizuzwana ... ongakhange ajonge iwaka elinye kube kanye emini ukuze abone ukuba ufike emva kwexesha okanye kwangoko kwidinga, ukubona ukuba ushiyeke kangakanani ukuze uyeke ukusebenza okanye ngokulula Jonga ukuba ixesha lakho lihamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani xa unokonwaba ebharini nabahlobo okanye usapho. Kukho abantu abaqhubela phambili iwotshi ukuba balumke kwaye abanye bafika emva kwexesha kuyo yonke indawo kuba abajongi ixesha kwiyure. Kodwa ngaba uzibuzile umbuzo wokuba, ngaba iyakubakhona iwotshi ehambelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ephawula elona xesha lomntu wonke?
Ewe ikhona, kwaye ibizwa iwotshi yeatom. Yewotshi esebenza ngokusebenza ekhawuntarini esebenzisa isandi sokubonisa seathom okanye ukungcangcazela. Yeyona iwotshi ichanekileyo yenziwe ngumntu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba isebenza njani kwaye yenziwe njani? Qhubeka ufunda kwaye wazi zonke iimfihlo zayo.
Isebenza njani iwotshi yeatom
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ukwazi ixesha nangaliphi na ixesha kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza izicwangciso zakho zemihla ngemihla kwaye uzole. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka ube newotshi emiselwe kakuhle ukuze ulazi kakuhle ixesha losuku okulo. Iwotshi esebutsheni okanye esebusuku ayisebenzi kuthi. Ngewotshi yeatom oku akwenzeki kuthi kuba kunjalo oyena mntu uchanileyo wakha wadala.
Ukuba siyithelekisa newotshi yesiko yoomatshini, ebeka ukusebenza kwayo kwi-pendulum, le yahlukile. Eyokuqala isebenza nge-oscillation ehambisa uthotho lwegiya ezinxulumene nomnye ukuphawula isingqisho esihlala sibonisa ukuhamba kwemizuzwana, imizuzu kunye neeyure. Nangona kunjalo, iwotshi yeatom isebenza ngamaza okwahluka ngamandla kweathom kwingingqi ye-microwave electromagnetic spectrum.
Umlindo usebenzisa izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yiMaser. Isandisi-microwave sokukhupha ukukhutshwa kwemitha. Nangona ivakala ngathi intsokothile, ayisiyonto ingeyonto ngaphandle kwenkqubo ekwaziyo ukukhulisa ezona mpawu zibuthathaka kwaye uziguqulele kwimiphetho ye-microwave yombane we-electromagnetic. Ingathi yile laser.
Le Maser yimpompo ngosasazo lwerediyo kunye ahamba rhoqo kwimizuzwana eyi-0,000000001 ngosuku. Ukuchaneka koku kupompa kukhulu kakhulu. Ngesi sizathu, xa usasazo lukanomathotholo ludityaniswa nobuninzi beeyantlukwano zemitha yelitha yento ye-athomu, ii-ion ezikhoyo ziyakwazi ukufunxa imitha kunye nokukhanya. Konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa yomoya omoya okhutshulwayo.
Ukuguqulwa kwedatha ibe lixesha
Xa ion ifunxa imitha kwaye ikhupha ukukhanya, iiseli zombane zibamba elona xesha kanye apho ukukhanya kukhutshwa ngalo kwaye kwisekethe iqala unxibelelwano nekhawuntara. Ikhawuntari sisiqwenga esiphetheyo sokukwazi ukurekhoda inani lamaxesha amaza alindelweyo aqala ukukhupha.
Yonke idatha efumaneka kwikhawuntara yamaxesha apho ukukhanya kukhupha ukukhanya kudluliselwa kwikhompyuter. Kuxa yonke imisebenzi eyimfuneko ukuthumela iimpembelelo kubamkeli ziqala ukwenziwa. Abamkeli bokugqibela ngabo abo basibonisayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Isotope esetyenziselwa ukufunxa imitha kwaye ikhuphe ukukhanya yiCesium 133. Le isotope ishushu ukuze ikwazi ukukhupha iiathom zayo, kwaye, kunye neentlawulo zombane abanazo, zinokuqhutywa ngombhobho ongenanto kunye nensimu ye-electromagnetic esebenza njengesihluzi ukuze kuphela zii-athomu ezinamandla ombuso ezifunekayo zinokudlula. .
Ukubaluleka kwewotshi yeatom
Ngokuqinisekileyo ucinga ngokufumana iwotshi ye-athomu ukuze ube nolona hlobo luchanekileyo emhlabeni kwaye ungaze ufike emva kwexesha naphi na. Nangona kunjalo, iwotshi eyenzelwe uphando enikezwe ngokuchaneka kwayo. Ayisetyenziselwa kuphela ixesha lamaxesha okusabela kweekhemikhali okanye ukwenza ulingo apho ixesha libalulekile xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Kuluncedo kakhulu ukuyazi Umahluko okhoyo kwisantya sexesha.
Kude kube ngoku, olunye uvavanyo olugqityiweyo noludumileyo apho iwotshi ye-athomu isetyenzisiweyo kukuthumela iinqwelomoya kumacala ajongene noMhlaba. Nje ukuba iinqwelomoya zisuke kwimvelaphi yazo, iwotshi iyaqalwa kwaye ixesha elithathwayo bobabini ukufika liyalinganiswa. Nantsi indlela eqinisekisiwe ngayo Ulwalamano olukhethekileyo lubamba. Olunye uvavanyo kukubeka iwotshi yeatom kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwesikratshi kunye nenye eluphahleni ukubona umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. Kwezi ntlobo zovavanyo kufuneka ube newotshi echane kakhulu.
Okwangoku, le wotshi isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweesathelayithi zeGPS esiqhele ukuzisebenzisa kwii-smartphones okanye kwiimoto zethu. Ke ngoko, ixesha lezi zixhobo lichanekile kakhulu. Ukusuka kwinto ebonakalayo, ayinasithintelo ekusebenziseni ilabhoratri, kodwa isetyenziswa ngokungangqalanga sithi sonke.
Ngaba singanayo iwotshi ephathwayo?
Ngubani ongafuni ukuba newotshi echanekileyo njengoku ezandleni zabo ukuya naphi na besazi elona xesha. Nangona kunjalo, iiwotshi zeatom azinakuze zifike ezandleni zethu. Banengxaki enkulu kwaye kukuba ukuze babe nokuchaneka okuhle ifuna indawo ezinzileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu abandayo. Kukule mimandla kuphela apho ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kwewotshi yeatom kuyeza ngaphambili.
Kwelinye icala, iiwotshi esinokuzifumana ngoku zichanekile kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ngekhe zibe neendlela ezintle zentengiso. Ukunikezelwa kwezinto zayo kunye nobunzima bayo kulondolozo, iya kuba liwotshi enexabiso eliphezulu kwaye ayizukukwenza isifotho kwiimarike. Akukho themba lininzi lokuthengisa elikhuthaza ukwenziwa kweendlela zokuba newotshi yesihlahla.
Ungahlala ujonga abantu emhlabeni abangazi ukuba mabenze ntoni ngemali yabo kwaye mhlawumbi eli qela labantu likulungele ukuhlawula amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu kolu hlobo lwewotshi oluchanekileyo esihlahleni sabo. Ukutsho nje ukuba banento eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo kwabanye abantu kunokuba yinto elungileyo kwintengiso.
Nokuba kunganjani na, luhlobo lwewotshi eliyimfuneko kwisayensi kwaye elinceda ukuba uliqonde ngcono ilizwe esiphila kulo.