Baninzi abantu abaphambanisa i- mozulu eziqhelekileyo kunye nemeteorology. Xa sibhekisa kwimozulu sikhankanya zonke iipateni zomahluko wezinto ezahlukeneyo zemozulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezi zinto zixabisekileyo zemozulu bubushushu, ukufuma, uxinzelelo lomoya, ulawulo lomoya, imitha yelanga, njl. Imozulu ihlala yahlulwa ukusuka kwixesha langaphambili kubhekiswa kwiimeko zexesha elide kwingingqi. I-Meteorology ibhekisa kwixesha elifutshane.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, iintlobo, izinto kunye nezinto zemozulu.
Ithini imozulu
Ibhekisa kuzo zonke iipateni zokwahluka kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zemozulu zomdla. Ezi mpawu zichazwe kwingingqi ethile. Imimandla eyahlukeneyo yejografi yomhlaba inemozulu enxulunyaniswa kwaye imiselwe zizinto ezibonakalayo kunye nobudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kwezi zinto. Yonke le setethi yamaxabiso eziguquguqukayo zemozulu yaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yemozulu. Ezi zinto zisebenza ngocwangco nangokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo nakwezona zimozulu zigqithileyo.
Iindawo zokudibana kwemozulu zezi zilandelayo: umoya, i-hydrosphere, i-lithosphere, i-biosphere kunye ne-biosphere. Kwangelo xesha, imozulu ifundwa kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo zembali ukuze kuqondwe zonke iinkqubo zokwenziwa kunye nophuhliso lweplanethi yethu. Eyona njongo iphambili kukwenza uqikelelo olwahlukileyo kunye nokuqonda iinkqubo ezikhoyo zamandla omoya.
Imozulu yinto ebalulekileyo ekucwangciseni imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yabantu. Ngokuyintloko inefuthe kuyo yonke loo misebenzi yoqoqosho yoluntu efuna iimeko ezichongiweyo zokusingqongileyo. Enye yazo zezolimo. Utshintsho kwimozulu yehlabathi njengoko kunjalo Utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi kunokuba yinto embi kubomi babantu.
Iindidi zemozulu
Siyazi ukuba ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo esikuyo kunye neemeko zangoku zokusingqongileyo kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Umzekelo, kwimozulu yentaba amaqondo obushushu aqhele ukubanda. Kukho inani elikhulu leendlela zokuhlela imozulu usebenzisa iileli kunye nezifundo ngalo mbandela. Uhlobo olulula kuzo zonke kukuya kwinqanaba lobushushu kwimozulu ethile. Masibone ukuba yintoni umahluko kuhlobo lwemozulu ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu:
- Imozulu eshushu: Yindawo leyo ebonisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu rhoqo. Apha sifumana imimandla ye-ikhweyitha, yetropiki, eyomileyo yetropiki, yentlango kunye neemozulu zentlango. Kwezi zimo zezulu kukho izixokelelwano zendalo ezineentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinye ezineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kwaye okwahlukileyo okuphembelela ubukho bobomi ayibobushushu. Umzekelo, kwimozulu yetropiki kukho isixa esikhulu sezityalo nezilwanyana kuba imvula iphezulu.
- Imozulu eziphakathi: luhlobo lwemozulu ephakathi xa kushushu kwaye kuyabanda. Inokwahluka okubalulekileyo ngokwamaxesha onyaka kunye nokwahluka okuninzi kwimozulu. Apha sifumana ubushushu obufumileyo, iMeditera, ulwandlekazi kunye nelizwekazi.
- Imozulu ebandayo: Kulapho amaqondo obushushu asezantsi afumaneka ngokubanzi unyaka wonke. Batyekele ekubeni babe neyantlukwano yendalo ephantsi kunikwe iimeko ezingavumiyo ukuvumela ukukhula kweentyatyambo nezilwanyana. Sinemozulu ye-polar, yentaba okanye ye-tundra.
Izinto zemozulu
Imozulu yenziwe ngothotho lwezinto eziqhelekileyo ezilinganiswayo kwaye zivavanywe unyaka wonke ukuseka iimeko zemo engqongileyo. Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto ziphambili ezifundwayo zavavanywa ukuze sikwazi ukukhupha uqikelelo lwexesha elide:
- Ubushushu begumbi: bubushushu okanye ukubanda okukhoyo ngokubanzi kubume bomoya wommandla wommandla. Iqondo lobushushu liyenyuka okanye likhusela ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bemitha yelanga echaphazela indawo ethile.
- Uxinzelelo lomoya: Uxinzelelo lomoya luchazwa njengobunzima bomoya osemoyeni. Luxinzelelo olwenza isenzo kuwo onke amacala kwizihlwele zomoya ezikhoyo kummandla womoya. Yenye yeenguqu ezichaphazela kakhulu ezinye iimeko zemozulu ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu.
- Umoya: Ulawulo lomoya lubangelwe kukungafani koxinzelelo emoyeni. Kwaye kukuba olu tshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya lubangela ukufuduka kobuninzi bomoya esibaziyo ngegama lomoya. Le ntshukumo yemikhosi yomoya ivumela ukuhanjiswa kwawo onke amandla kunye nobushushu ngokulinganayo kwindawo.
- Ukufuma: linqanaba lomphunga wamanzi okhoyo emoyeni. Inxalenye yomjikelo wamanzi kuxa amanzi akwimo yomphunga kwaye iatmosfera ihlala ide itshintshe imeko yendalo esingqongileyo.
- Imvula: Ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni ojikeleze umhlaba kukhokelela kukuxinana kwawo ukuyilwa kwamafu. Amafu asuswa ngumoya kwaye xa efikelela kubukhulu obuthile, amathontsi amanzi awela phantsi kobunzima bawo.
Izinto
Kukho izinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo ekumiseleni imozulu yommandla. Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- Ubude: yindawo yobume bommandla othile. Ubushushu bomoya kunye neziganeko zemitha yelanga zinempembelelo enkulu. Ngombulelo kububanzi obunokuthi buchazwe kakuhle amaxesha onyaka onyaka. Kwaye kukuba amaqondo obushushu axhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuthambekela kweziganeko zemitha yelanga.
- Ukuphakama: I-gradient ye-thermal yokusingqongileyo yinto ebalulekileyo eyahlukileyo ngokobude. Ayifani ukuthelekisa iqondo lobushushu elwandle kunakwindawo ethile. Ngokwesiqhelo, ixabiso legradient yokufudumeza okusingqongileyo ziidigri ezi-3 ngeemitha ezili-100. Oko kukuthi, njengoko sikhuphuka phezulu, amaqondo obushushu ehla. Kukwanjalo noxinzelelo lomoya.
- Imisinga yolwandle: Ukuhamba kwamanzi olwandle luxanduva lokusasaza ubushushu nengqele kwiplanethi yonke.
- Umgama ukusuka elwandle: ukusondela kunxweme olukude okanye imizimba emikhulu yamanzi nako kumisela ubungakanani bokufuma okukhoyo emoyeni.
- Nciphisa: Ukuqhelaniswa nobume bomphezulu womhlaba kunokwenza indawo ithambekele ngakumbi kwimbalela okanye ukufuma okuphezulu.
- Isalathiso somoya: ubunzima bomoya buhamba kwaye buvumela umoya oshushu nobandayo ukuba usasaze kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni na imeko yezulu kwaye zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinempembelelo kuyo.