I-Indian Ocean iBathymetry
KuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, isixa se Imvula yahluke kakhulu kwimiphetho yayo. Ngelixa kumahlathi afumileyo eSumatra kunetha ngamandla, ummandla osele womile weMpuma Afrika uchaphazeleka yi imbalela. Abaphandi abavela kwiZiko loPhando nge-Biodiversity kunye neMozulu (BiK-F), i-California Institute of Technology (CIT), iYunivesithi yase-Southern California kunye neYunivesithi yase-Bremen baqaphele ukuba le meko yokuguquguquka kwemozulu ibipolar iqhubekile kule minyaka ingama-10000 idlulileyo. .
Uphononongo lokulinga olupapashwe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwi- "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" lukhanyisa inkqubo yemozulu eneendlela zemozulu ezinefuthe elikhulu kwimozulu yehlabathi. Ke ngoko, olu phononongo lunomdla okhethekileyo kubaphandi bemozulu.
Los Iitropiki zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yemozulu yehlabathi, phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba ziyimvelaphi yeziganeko zemozulu ezigabadeleyo ezinje nge-El Niño kunye neemonons. Omnye weyona mimandla ibaluleke kakhulu kolu hlobo yi-Indo-Pacific, kwi-mpuma ye-Asiya ye-Asia kuba ingowona mthombo mkhulu womphunga wamanzi ojikeleze umhlaba, kunye nowona mvula mkhulu emhlabeni. Abaphandi balubonile utshintsho kwimvula eselunxwemeni lwasentshona ye-Indonesia kule minyaka ingama-24000 idlulileyo ukuze baqonde ngcono iipateni zemozulu kunye namandla.
Ngokwabaphandi, kubonakala ngathi Idipole yoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya (I-Indian Ocean Dipole), ibe yinto ehlala ihleli kwinkqubo yemozulu yengingqi kule minyaka ili-10000 XNUMX idlulileyo. Phakathi kobunye ubungqina, iipatheni zemvula ezingathandekiyo ziyajongwa kwimida esempuma nasentshona yoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, ezinxulumene ngqo. I-dipole ye-precipitation izibonakalisa ngendlela yokuba ukuphakama kwemvula kunxweme olusentshona ye-Indonesia, kusezantsi eMpuma Afrika kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.
Olu phononongo lutsha, lujolise kwixabiso eliphakathi kwemvula ethatha ixesha leminyaka engama-30, ibonisa ukuba ipateni efanayo igcinwe ngexesha Iminyaka emi-10000 edlulileyo. "Olu hlobo lokuqwalaselwa malunga nexesha elidlulileyo lunokunceda ukwahlula ukusasazeka kwemvula kwindalo okubangelwe ngumntu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kubaluleke kakhulu ngokwembono yenguqu yemozulu eqhubekayo" Ugqirha u-Eva Niedermeyer (BiK-F), umlawuli wolu phononongo.
U-Niedermeyer kunye noogxa bakhe bophando basebenze kunye neesampuli zentlenga yolwandle ethathwe kunxweme olusentshona yeSumatra kubunzulu beemitha ezingama-481. Bajolise I-waxes efumaneka kwizityalo zomhlabaNgumaleko kumphezulu wezityalo ozikhusela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni nasekuhlaselweni yi-microbial, nezisala kwizidanga.
Kuyenzeka ke ngoko ukuba wakhe utshintsho lwangaphambili lwemvula ngokulinganisa ubume be-hydrogen isotopic ezinzileyo kwizityalo zomhlaba, kuba imvula ingoyena ndoqo we-hydrogen egcinwe kwizityalo. Le ndlela inyusa ukuthelekiswa ngokuthe ngqo kokulinganisa kunye nolwandiso oluncinci lwexeshana kumaxesha amade adlulileyo.
Ukuphela kwexesha lokugqibela lomkhenkce kwavela ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokunyibilika komkhenkce osemkhenkceni, owawukhatshwa kukwanda kwemvula ejikeleze i-Indonesia nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ngokuchaseneyo, irekhodi ye-wax yezityalo ebonwe kuphononongo isixelela ukuba isixa esikhulu semvula ngexesha lokugqibela kweGlacial Maximum kunye neHolocene zazifana ncam.
Ubuninzi bemvula eye yawa kule minyaka ingama-24000 idlulileyo ibonakala inxulumene nenqanaba lokuvezwa kweqonga le-Sonda kwaye ngakumbi kubume bendawo ethile yomda osentshona wommandla, hayi kuphela kumda wemozulu yokuchithwa . Le ibingeyonto ibilindelwe, kuba ngokusekwe kwizifundo zangaphambili bekucingelwa ukuba wonke ummandla ubomile kakhulu ngexesha lokugqibela leGlacial Maximum xa kuthelekiswa neemeko ezikhoyo, ugqiba uNiedermeyer.
Nangona uphononongo lubonisa ukuba utshintsho lwexesha elide kubunzulu bemvula akusoloko kubangelwa ngabantu, oko akuthethi ukuba ukungalunganga okwangoku okwethutyana kula mazwe akumda woLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kwaye ikakhulu ahlala engekho phantsi kwempembelelo yabantu.
Imimandla yoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya ifumana ukwanda kwabantu, kwaye iimeko zemozulu ezigwenxa ezizayo zingakhokelela kungquzulwano lwezopolitiko noluntu. Ulwazi olungcono lweziganeko zemozulu kunye neendlela ezifihliweyo ezizivelisayo kule ndawo ziya kunceda ekwandiseni isisombululo soqikelelo lwemozulu kunye nokuthintela olu hlobo lwempixano, kulindelwe iziphumo zemozulu.
Más información: Imbalela iyenza mandundu ingxaki yokutya eSahel, I-Indonesia isecicini lokuwa kwizantyalantyala zemvula
Imithombo: esenckenberg