Emanxwemeni nakwiilwandle sifumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo. Omnye wabo ngu isitaki solwandle. Yintsika yelitye edibana namanzi kufuphi nonxweme. Zixhaphakile kumanxweme ehlabathi liphela. NgesiNgesi yaziwa ngokuba yi-Sea Stack kwaye kufuneka wazi ukuba ungazichonga njani kakuhle kuba zinokubangela iingxaki koomatiloshe.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga ne-stack yolwandle, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nokubunjwa.
Yintoni isitaki solwandle
Iimfumba zolwandle ziintsika zamatye ezifumaneka emanzini kufuphi nonxweme. Iintsika zaselwandle zixhaphakile kumanxweme amaninzi ehlabathi, yaye ezinye zide zidume kakhulu. Njengezinye izinto ezifumaneka ngaselunxwemeni, iinduli zolwandle nazo zikwimo ethe gqolo yokuguquguquka, kukho iinduli ezintsha zolwandle ezihlala zivela kwaye ezindala ziyanyamalala. Kuyaziwa ukuba ezinye iimfumba zolwandle zinokukhukuliseka zibe ziileya ezingaqhelekanga nezinomtsalane, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisifundo esithandwayo kubafoti nabapeyinti.
Ukufumba kolwandle kungenxa yokhukuliseko lwendalo lwemimandla engaselunxwemeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwandle kuqala lusebenzisa umngxuma kumthombo ukwenza i-arc ekhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ekugqibeleni i-arch iyawa, ishiya i-stack yolwandle kwelinye icala kunye ne-promontory kwelinye icala. Emva kokuhlukana nonxweme, imfumba yolwandle iya kuqala ukukhukuliseka, ukunyibilika emanzini, okanye ukuwa.
Enyanisweni, intaba yolwandle ifana nesiqithi esincinane kakhulu. Kwezinye iimeko, ulwandle luyinxalenye yesiqithi esisele sigugile. Iintaka ezininzi ezifudukayo zisebenzisa imfumba yaselwandle ukwakha iindlwane neendawo zokuhlala kwaye bayakuxabisa ukuba bodwa kunye nokhuseleko olulinganiselweyo. Iimfumba zolwandle nazo zithandwa kakhulu ngabakhweli, kuba uninzi lwazo luzisa imingeni enomdla.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukusasazwa kweemfumba zolwandle kwindawo kuyahluka, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwamatye enza ipromontory, imo engqongileyo kunye neemeko zemozulu, kunye nemisinga ekhoyo. Kwezinye iimeko, indawo inokuthi izaliswe ziimfumba zolwandle ezenziwe ngamatye aqine kakhulu, ngelixa kwezinye iimeko, unxweme lunemfumba ezimbalwa nje ezenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo nezibhibhileyo ezifana nelitye lekalika kunye nelitye lentlabathi. Kuba imithombo emininzi yenziwe ziibhedi zamandulo zaselwandle, ezinye iimfumba zaselwandle nazo ziya kubonisa iintsalela zefosili enomdla ngexesha lokhukuliseko.
Kucetyiswa ukuba uqhubeke ngokuqaphela xa ukufutshane nolwandle. Ingqumba ingawa ngempazamo, ibangele ukwenzakala kuye nabani na omiyo okanye ohamba kufutshane. Xa ukhwela iinduli zolwandle, kungcono ukunikela ingqalelo kumatye athambileyo kunye naphukileyo, enokwehla phantsi kobunzima babakhweli, kwaye uphephe ngokukodwa iimfumba ezimxinwa nezibhityileyo zaselwandle kuba zinokuba buthathaka kakhulu. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba iintaka zisebenzisa imfumba yaselwandle njengendawo yokuzalela, amaziko okhuseleko anokuthintela ukufikelela kwiimfumba zolwandle ukukhusela iintaka.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-stack yolwandle
Zonke iimfumba zolwandle ezifunekayo ukuze zenziwe liwa, amanzi amancinci, kunye nexesha elininzi. Amawaka okanye izigidi zeminyaka, enyanisweni.
La Ukhukuliseko lwaselunxwemeni okanye ukhukuliseko olucothayo lwamatye ngamanzi nomoya ixesha elide libangela imfumba. Zonke iimfumba zolwandle ziqala njengenxalenye yokwakheka kwamatye akufutshane. Iminyaka eyiwaka yomoya namaza abethe iliwa aze alophule. Amandla eentanda ezimbini adala iintanda kweli litye kwaye, kancinci kancinci, iintanda zijika zibe ziziqwenga eziwa kwilitye eliphambili.
Xa iitshiphusi ezaneleyo zilahliwe, kwenziwa imingxuma eyolula ukusuka kwelinye icala lelitye ukuya kwelinye. Ekugqibeleni umoya kunye namanzi benza indlela yabo ukuya kwelinye icala, ukudala umqolomba okanye i-arch. Kwizizukulwana ezininzi, le arch nayo iyawa, ihlukanise inxalenye yelitye kwi-cliff yasekuqaleni. Esi sisipakisho sakho solwandle.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le nto iyancipha, yintoni ebangela ukuba imfumba iwe, ishiya into eyaziwa ngokuba sisiphunzi elwandle. Nayiphi na imfumba inokujika ibe sisiphunzi njengoko amanzi egqobhoza kwisiseko sayo, ngoko ke abakhweli kufuneka baphathe iimfumba ngononophelo.
Zinokubonwa phi?
Iimfumba zolwandle zinokufunyanwa kuwo onke amazwekazi asixhenxe, ngalinye libalaselisa umahluko ochuliweyo kwindlela ezenziwe ngayo. Njengokuba, imfumba yolwandle eLagos, ePortugal, yenziwa kwilitye lentlenga, ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezidibanisa ukubanika isiphumo esihle esikrweliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, eli litye alizinzanga kwaye liyaphuka, oku kuthetha ukuba namaza athambileyo anokuqalisa inkqubo yokhukuliseko.
Kwakhona eYurophu, kukho iNqaba yaseNorth Gaulton ekhangeleka ngendlela eyoyikisayo kwisiqithi esikhulu saseSkotlani saseOrkney Islands. Kudala itsala umdla wabakhweli bokukhwela amabhongo, njengoko ibanzi kakhulu phezulu kunokuba isezantsi. Eminye imizekelo echukumisayo inokubonwa eMzantsi Merika (eGalapagos), kuMntla Merika (eNewfoundland, eKhanada), eAsia (Phang Nga Bay, eThailand), nakwiArctic nakwiindawo eziyingqongileyo, njengeVik (Iceland) nakwiZiqithi zaseFaroe. .
Ezi zezinye zeemfumba zolwandle ezintle ezifumaneka ehlabathini lonke. Ngapha koko, nayiphi na indawo ngamawa kunye ulwandle lungenza enye ngokuhamba kwexesha, yaye abakhenkethi abamehlo okhozi banokuzibona kuwo onke amazwekazi asixhenxe.
Njengoko ubona, kwisijikelezi-langa sethu unokufumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka komhlaba ezithatha amawaka eminyaka ukwenza. Nangona kunjalo, zinokutshatyalaliswa kwimizuzu embalwa ngesenzo somntu. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-stack yolwandle, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela ezenziwe ngayo.