I-radar yokuhambisa

Kwimozulu kunye noqikelelo lwemozulu, kubalulekile ukwazi imvula eza kwenzeka kwindawo ethile kwangethuba ukuze, ukuba kukho imfuneko, uthathe amanyathelo othintelo kwimeko enobungozi. Ukwenza oku, kukho izixhobo ezinokubonisa kwaye ziqhubeke ngokubeka esweni imvula kwindawo ethile. Yaziwa ngokuba yi-radar yemvula.

Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba basebenza njani kwaye basetyenziselwa njani ukuqikelela imvula?

Iradar yemvula

Kulabo abangaziyo, igama elithi radar livela kwisicatshulwa sesiNgesi ukufumanisa unomathotholo kunye nokusukela. Oku kumela 'ukufunyanwa komgama kwirediyo kunye nemilinganiselo'. IiRadars zikwiindawo ezininzi, njengeekhamera zesantya. KwiMeteorology, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeradars zisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni imeko kwiindawo eziphezulu zomoya kwaye yazi ukuvela kweenkqubo zomoya.

Irada isebenzisa inkqubo yamaza ombane ukuze ikwazi ukulinganisa umgama, umkhombandlela, ukuphakama kunye nesantya sezinto, zombini zimile kwaye zihamba. Ngale ndlela, bayakwazi ukubeka esweni izithuthi, iinqwelomoya, iinqanawa, njl. Kule meko, zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukwakheka kwemozulu kunye nokujonga ngokuqhubekayo ukuhamba kwamafu.

Ukusebenza kwayo kulula. Bavelisa ukubetha kukanomathotholo kwaye oku kubonakala kwithagethi, kufunyanwa kwisikhundla esinye sokukhupha. Enkosi kule Unokufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nendawo yamafu, uxinano kunye nokuma kwawo, ukuba ziyakhula, ukuba ngaba ziya kubangela uhlobo oluthile lwemvula, njl.

Izinto zeradar

Zonke iiradars zifuna iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ukuze zisebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwala maza ombane athunyelwa zii-radars kuvumela ukubona izinto kude kakhulu. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, awunokwazi nje kuphela indawo amafu akwibala lokukhanya elibonakalayo, kodwa ikwabonelela ngolwazi kwisandi.

Izinto eziphambili ezifunwa zii-radars ekusebenzeni kwazo zezi:

• Umthumeli. Isetyenziselwa ukubanakho ukwenza imiqondiso yokuhamba rhoqo eza kuthunyelwa kamva.
• I-eriyali. I-eriyali inoxanduva lokuthumela kunye nokufumana loo mqondiso wamaza aphakamileyo oza kubonelela ngolwazi malunga nokuma kwamafu.
• Umamkeli. Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukukhangela kunye nokwandisa umqondiso othathwe yi-eriyali ukuze ifundeke.
• Inkqubo evumela ukubonisa iziphumo ezifunyenwe kwimilinganiselo.

I-Doppler radar

I-Doppler radar yinkqubo ekwaziyo ukulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo kwinto enye. Iyakwazi ukubonelela ngolwazi malunga ikhosi, umgama kunye nokuphakama kwento, ukongeza ekubeni nakho ukubona ukuya kwisantya sayo. Ngolu hlobo lwe-radar, izazi zemozulu ziyakwazi ukwazi ukutshintsha kwelifu kwaye ke ziyayazi indlela enayo, ukumila kwayo kunye nokubakho kwemvula.

I-Pulsed Doppler radar isekwe ekuphumeni kweepulse ezintathu kwisantya esithile kwaye, kusetyenziswa isiphumo seDoppler, isantya esinqamlezayo sesantya sento enokulinganiswa sinokwaziwa. Kuba ezi ntlobo zeeradar azilinganisi imigama kakuhle, aziloncedo kakhulu ukwazi eyona ndawo yento.

Isiseko sethiyori yeredarar

Ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo ukusebenza kweradar yemvula kufuneka wazi isiseko sethiyori. Ezi radar zisebenza njengomsebenzi wokuhamba kwezinto ngokubhekisele kwiradar kwicandelo elijolise kwicala lokukhanya. Le ntshukumo ivelisa utshintsho kumaza ombane aveliswayo xa ukukhanya kuwela kuwo. Oko kukuthi, xa ilanga liwela kwinto eza kufundwa, Ubuninzi bamaza ombane ophuma kuwo wahlukile. Ngokwahluka, i-radar iyakwazi ukwazi indawo, ikhosi kunye nesantya sento, kule meko, ilifu.

Xa ilifu lisondela kwi-radar liyichaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo imvamisa yamaza ekhutshwe ngaphambili. Ngokuchasene noko, xa into isuka kude kwi-radar, inefuthe elibi. Umahluko phakathi kwezixhobo ezikhutshiweyo nezamkelweyo zezi ezo zivumela ukubala isantya apho into ihamba khona.

Ukujika komhlaba

Ngokuqinisekileyo ubucinga ukuba ikwazi njani ukulinganisa indawo ekuyo izinto ezikumgama omde ukuba uMhlaba ungqukuva kwaye awucaba. Izinto ezikude kakhulu "zibethwa" ngumjikelo womhlaba. Ukuchonga ukuphakama kwento, Ukugqobhoza komhlaba kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Izinto ezikude kakhulu nezisondele emhlabeni azinakubonwa ngolu hlobo lweeradar, kuba zingaphantsi kolundi.

Eyona nto iluncedo malunga nale radar kukuba unokufumana ulwazi lwemozulu yexesha lokwenyani. Oko kukuthi, unokuyazi imeko-bume yamaxesha onke ukuqikelela ubunzulu bemvula, ubukho besichotho, isaqhwithi, izaqhwithi, indlela kunye namandla omoya, njl.

Ukutolikwa kwemifanekiso ye-radar

Xa imilinganiselo yenziwa nge-radar yemvula, imifanekiso ifumaneka ngalo lonke ulwazi olufunyenweyo. Imifanekiso kufuneka itolikwe ngokuchanekileyo kuqikelelo lwayo olulandelayo. Imifanekiso inentsomi kwicala lasekunene elibonisa ixabiso lombala ngokusekwe kukuphinda kubonwe ngamanzi anokuhamba ngokukhawuleza.

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwamafu akhona esibhakabhakeni, umbala omnye okanye omnye unokubonwa emfanekisweni:

Amafu eStratocumulus. La mafu enziwe ngamathontsi amanzi xa ewonke. Amaconsi amanzi mancinci kakhulu ngobukhulu, ke ngoko anika umqondiso ophantsi kakhulu.

I-Altocumulus. Lawa mawaka obude obuphakathi anezinga lokukhenkcisa, aphakamileyo ngokwaneleyo, ukuba ubukhulu becala enziwe ngamakristali omkhenkce kunye namathontsi apholileyo amanzi. Amakristali e-Ice enza ukuba umqondiso we-radar ube mkhulu.

Imvula. Xa kuqikelelwa imvula, kungenxa yokuba kwiiradars zemvula kuyenzeka ukuba uqaphele indlela ezikhula ngayo iikristale zomkhenkce emoyeni zide ziwe. Ukubonakaliswa kweRadar kuyanda njengoko iikristali zomkhenkce zinyibilika emanzini ngenxa yokuba i-dielectric engaguquguqukiyo yamanzi alulwelo ingaphezulu kwelo lomkhenkce.

I-Stratocumulus ene-drizzles encinci. La mafu anokubonwa ukuba i-stratocumulus singamakhulu eemitha ubukhulu. Xa oku kusenzeka, iidrizili ezincinci zenziwa ezinokukhula ukuba ukungazinzi komoya kuqhubeka.

Iradar ye-AEMET

I-Arhente yeMeteorological kaRhulumente Ineradar yemvula ebeka iliso kwimeko-bume emini nasebusuku. Inika ulwazi malunga namafu, ulwalathiso lwazo, isantya, kunye nokuphakama. Ndiyabulela kule radar, iimvula zinokuqikelelwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezininzi kwangaphambili.

Apha Uyakwazi ukubona ngexesha lokwenyani imifanekiso esiboniswa yi-radar ye-AEMET ngaphaya kwe-peninsula.

Ngolu lwazi uya kuba nakho ukwazi ukuba zisebenza njani iiradars zemvula kunye nendlela ezaziwa ngayo izazinzulu ngemozulu echanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo.