Siyazi ukuba indalo iphela iyanda kwaye ukudalwa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweenkwenkwezi kunye neenkqubo zeenkwenkwezi ziyenzeka. Izazinzulu ziye zafumana i inkwenkwezi efileyo etshabalalisa inkqubo yeplanethi. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kuye kwachukumisa lonke uluntu lwezenzululwazi.
Ngoko ke, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga nokufunyanwa kwenkwenkwezi efileyo etshabalalisa inkqubo yeplanethi.
Inkwenkwezi efileyo itshabalalisa inkqubo yeplanethi
Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zase-UCLA zifumene inkwenkwezi encinci emhlophe etya izinto ezinamatye, ezinomkhenkce. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba inkwenkwezi, leyo Yiminyaka engama-86 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni., ifunxa inkunkuma evela ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwinkqubo. Kuphela ziimeko zangaphambili zobuzimbhobho zecosmic ezibonise inkwenkwezi ikhupha izinto eziphuma ngaphandle kwenkqubo yayo, kodwa le ntwana imhlophe itya imathiriyeli ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenkqubo, icebisa ukuba ingatshabalalisa yonke inkqubo yayo yeenkwenkwezi.
Umbhali-mbhali wephepha u-Ted Johnson, umfundi we-UCLA wefiziksi kunye ne-astronomy, uthe banethemba lokufumana ukuqonda okungcono kweenkqubo zelanga ngokufunda la mancinci amhlophe. Inkwenkwezi G238-44, ekufutshane neLanga lethu, uye wadla ezinye iinkwenkwezi, ngokwedatha evela kwiHubble Space Telescope kunye nezinye iiteleskopu zeNASA. Ubungqina nezigqibo zazisekelwe kuhlalutyo lwezinto ezibonisa umoya okufutshane wenkwenkwezi.
Xa inkwenkwezi efana neLanga lethu iphelelwa ngamafutha, iwa ibe yinkwenkwezi emhlophe, edla ngokuba xinene kakhulu yaye ilingane nesijikelezi-langa. Iinkwenkwezi zitshisa i-hydrogen kwiimbilini zazo, kodwa xa ziphelelwa yi-hydrogen, zitshisa i-helium kumbindi wazo. Xa inkwenkwezi isenza oku, inokukhula ibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba iginye isijikelezi-langa sayo esikufutshane. Njengoko inkwenkwezi iguga, inokuba mhlophe.
Ixesha apho inkwenkwezi ifumana olu tshintsho lukhulu, oluthi inokuhlala iminyaka eyi-100 yezigidi, inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwiiplanethi ezikufutshane. Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zase-UCLA ziye zabona inkanyezi emhlophe eqwengayo kunye neeasteroids. Inkwenkwezi, ekwiminyaka engama-86 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni, iqokelela imathiriyeli ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenkqubo yayo. Iqela lezazi ngeenkwenkwezi zeYunivesithi yaseKhalifoniya eLos Angeles (eUnited States) liye lajonga inkwenkwezi encinane emhlophe etya ii-asteroids kunye ne-comets. Inkwenkwezi ifunxa izinto kwiindawo ezingaphandle nangaphakathi zenkqubo yayo, nto leyo eyenza kube kokokuqala kubonwa iindidi ezimbini zezinto zasezulwini zidityaniswe kwinkwenkwezi emhlophe ngaxeshanye.
Uphando
UTed Johnson unethemba lokuba ngokufunda ezi zilwanyana zimhlophe singaziqonda ngcono iinkqubo zezijikelezi-langa ezisekhoyo. IHubble Space Telescope kunye nezinye iindawo zeNASA zanceda izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba zichonge Imeko yokuqala yobuzimu bendalo yonke apho inkwenkwezi encinci emhlophe yatya zombini imathiriyeli yomkhenkce kunye nemathiriyeli enamatye. Oku kwenzeka xa i-asteroid okanye umzimba ofana nezinto ezifumaneka kwi-Kuiper belt (i-circumstellar disk ye-outer solar system, engaphandle kwe-orbit ye-Neptune kodwa ekufutshane nomphezulu weenkwenkwezi zethu) idityaniswe ne-White dwarf.
Oku kwafunyaniswa ngokuhlalutya igesi eyayifunyenwe yiatmosfera yeenkwenkwezi. Inkwenkwezi emhlophe ebomvu yenziwa xa inkwenkwezi encinci, efana nelanga lethu, yaphelelwa ngamandla enyukliya. Iinkwenkwezi zitshisa amafutha azo ngokucothayo, zisebenzisa i-hydrogen kumbindi wazo. Xa ziphelelwe yi-hydrogen, zinokusebenzisa i-helium kumbindi wazo ukuze ziqhubeke nokuxuba. Xa inkwenkwezi idumba ize iqwenge isijikelezi-langa esikufuphi, iba mdala yaye sele isondele ekupheleni kobomi bayo.
ukwakheka kwamancinci amhlophe
Ezona nkwenkwezi zindala ekugqibeleni ziba ziincinci ezimhlophe. IKuiper Belt ngummandla ogcwele izinto ezinomkhenkce, njengeArrokoth. Ngaphaya komjikelo weNeptune kukho ibhanti leasteroid, kwaye ngaphaya koko, iiplanethi ezinamatye. Ukuba isijikelezi-langa sethu besihamba kwixesha laso lenguqu (elithatha malunga ne-100 lezigidi zeminyaka), Inkwenkwezi emhlophe yexesha elizayo iya kuba isitya iintsalela zezi planethi, kunye ne-asteroids yebhanti ye-asteroid.
Ukufunyaniswa kweli tyala le-cannibalism yasezulwini kunomdla kuba ayibonisi nje le nkwenkwezi inguquko ukusuka kwisixokelelwano sethu selanga, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ezi asteroids kunye neecomet zikholelwa ukuba ziye zangqubana noMhlaba kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo, zizisa amanzi kwiplanethi yethu, zidala ubomi obufanelekileyo. iimeko. Unjingalwazi we-UCLA uBenjamin Zuckerman kunye nabanye abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba inkwenkwezi emhlophe emhlophe inezinto ezifana nekhabhoni, ioksijini kunye nenitrogen, ebonisa ukuba Inkwenkwezi yayikhe yanomzimba wabazali onamatye, osisityebi. Abaphandi bagqiba kwelokuba lo ngumzekelo wokuqala owafunyanwa kumakhulu amancinane amhlophe abawafundayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga inkwenkwezi efileyo etshabalalisa inkqubo yeplanethi.