Umnyama welanga zezo apho ilanga ligutyungelwe ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo yinyanga. Kuyaziwa ukuba ukujonga ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni akho, nokuba kufanelekile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu abaninzi bayabuza indlela yokubukela umnyama welanga ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo.
Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iingcebiso ezilungileyo zokufunda ukubukela umnyama welanga ngokukhuselekileyo.
Yintoni umnyama welanga
I-solar eclipse yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo zendalo phakathi kwesihlwele. Ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga kwenzeka xa umzimba omnye ufihla omnye kwimbono yomntu wesithathu, intshukumo ephazamisana nokukhanya komzimba osithileyo. Oku kusithwa kwelanga yinyanga kwenzeka elangeni xa inyanga idlula phakathi komhlaba nelanga, kwaye ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga kunokwenzeka enyangeni xa umhlaba uphakathi kwenyanga nelanga.
Ezi ziganeko zinqabile, kwaye ukuba siyazi ukuba ukufiphala kwenyanga kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokukhanya kwelanga, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nolindelo oluphezulu xa ukutshatyalaliswa kwelanga kuza kwenzeka.
iintlobo zokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga
Njengoko besitshilo, ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga kwenzeka xa ukuma kwenyanga kuphazamisana nelanga nomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, iNyanga incinci kakhulu kuneLanga, ngoko ke iNyanga kufuneka ibekwe kumgama ofanelekileyo ukuphazamisa ukukhanya okwenziwa liLanga emhlabeni.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga zenzeka:
- Umnyama ngokupheleleyo welanga: Kwenzeka xa inyanga ikwazi ukufihla ngokupheleleyo ilanga. Ukuze kwenzeke oku, kufuneka iNyanga ibe kude kangangama-400 ukusuka eLangeni kunokuba uMhlaba usuka eNyangeni. Xa le nto isenzeka, uMhlaba uphoswa kubumnyama obupheleleyo, ngokungathi kubusuku.
- Umnyama welanga: Xa iiplanethi ezintathu zilungelelaniswa kodwa inyanga ingaphantsi okanye ngaphezu kwama-400 umgama phakathi koMhlaba nenyanga. Kule meko, inyanga ayiligubungeli ngokupheleleyo ilanga, ivumela ukuba sibone ikhonkco elikhanyayo elijikelezayo.
- Umnyama welanga ngokuyinxenye: Le nto yenzeka xa iNyanga iphakathi kweLanga kunye noMhlaba, kodwa azihambelani. Ngamanye amazwi, inyanga inokugubungela kuphela inxalenye yelanga, kwaye ukuba ukufiphala kwelanga kunokubonwa kuxhomekeke kwinani.
Indlela yokubukela umnyama welanga
Nangona kunjalo, ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo kufuneka lunxitywe xa ujonga le nto imangalisayo, njengoko ukujonga ngqo elangeni kunokubangela ukulimala kwamehlo okwethutyana okanye okusisigxina. Nangona ebudeni bemizuzu embalwa yokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga ngokupheleleyo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ukhuseleko kuba imitha yelanga iyahluza. Kufuneka isoloko isetyenziswa kwimeko yokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga ngomnyaka okanye ngokuyinxenye.
Xa ujonga ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga, ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhanya kwendawo, abafundi abathinteli kwaye ukukhanya okungakumbi kungene, ngoko ke izilonda ze-photochemical zenzeka. Ukukhanya kwelanga kungonakalisa iretina, nokuba ujonge ngqo kuyo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Umonakalo weMechanical unokwenzeka ukusuka ekutyhilekeni okufutshane ukuya ekukhanyeni okukhulu kakhulu.
Ukulimala kwe-Thermal (photocoagulation) kubangelwa kukuvezwa okunzulu kodwa okufutshane okonyusa ubushushu beretina. Umonakalo we-Photochemical ubangelwa ukuphendula kweefotochemical kwi-retina okubangelwa ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide ekukhanyeni, nangona ukukhanya okuphantsi.
Ukuze ufunde ukubukela umnyama welanga ngokukhuselekileyo, kufuneka:
- Sebenzisa iiglasi ezikhethekileyo ezinezihluzo ezivunyiweyo ezifumaneka koogqirha bamehlo, iindawo zeplanethi kunye neevenkile ezikhethekileyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zivunywe ngokwe-European Directive 89/686/CEE kwizixhobo zokukhusela zomntu kunye nokuba imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa ishicilelwe kwileyibhile yabo.
- Sebenzisa iiglasi ze-14 zokuwelda ngeglasi emnyama, Ifumaneka kwii-hardware okanye kwiivenkile ezizodwa.
- Nokuba neeglasi ezikhethekileyo, sukujonga ngqo elangeni ngaphezu komzuzu ngexesha, uze uphumze amehlo akho kangangesiqingatha somzuzu uze uqhubeke ukhangela omnye umzuzu.
- Ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kweeteleskopu ezikhethekileyo kunzima ngakumbi, kunokusetyenziswa amaphepha eplastiki enziwe ngeMylar. Ezi zihluzo zenza ilanga libonakale lizuba.
- Yakha umngxuma wekhamera ukuphepha ukujonga ngqo elangeni kwaye ujonge ngobunono kwintelekelelo. Gcoba umngxuma omalunga ne-3mm kwibhokisi yekhadibhodi enguxande, emva koko ujike umva elangeni uzame ukukrola umfanekiso walo ngomngxuma kwiphetshana elimhlophe ezantsi.
- Ungaze usebenzise iikhamera, ibhayinotyhulayi, izihluzi zasekhaya okanye nasiphi na esinye isixhobo esingavunywanga okanye esingalungiselelwanga ukujonga umnyama welanga.
Iingozi zokungakwazi ukubukela umnyama welanga
Ukujonga umnyama ngokupheleleyo okanye inxalenye yelanga ngaphandle kokhuseleko olwaneleyo kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Enye yeziphumo eziphambili ezinokwenzeka zokubona ukufiphala kwelanga ngaphandle kokhuseleko yi-phototrauma kwi-retina okanye i-photic retinopathy.
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, imitha yelanga ihlakazeka kube kanye kuphela ngaphambi kokuba ifike emehlweni ethu, kodwa ngexesha lokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga ihlakazeka kaninzi. Siyazi ukuba nanini na imitha yelanga isondela kukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwi-spectrum ebonakalayo, ikhupha imitha eyingozi kakhulu emehlweni.
Ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo kwiLanga ngaphandle kokukhusela ngexesha lokusithwa kwelanga yilanga (ngaphandle kweyona nqanaba likhulu lesiganeko, xa i-satellite yethu ifihla ngokupheleleyo inkwenkwezi yethu) inokonakalisa kakhulu iiseli zethu ze-retinal, okanye zide zizitshabalalise ngokupheleleyo.
I-sequelae kunye neziphumo ze-solar retinopathy ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba zethutyana, kodwa khumbula ukuba zinokuba sisigxina. Apha, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ixesha elithathayo ukuqonda olu hlobo lokulimala luyahlukahluka.
Uthathwa ngokuba wonzakele amehlo ngexesha lokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga ukuba ufumana naziphi na ezi mpawu zilandelayo: ukuncipha kombono osembindini, ukungaboni kakuhle, okanye ukutshintsha kombala. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na ezi mpawu emva kokubona ukukhanya kwelanga, kucetyiswa ukuba ubone i-ophthalmologist ngokukhawuleza.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokubukela umnyama welanga ngokukhuselekileyo.