Ngexesha elithile sonke siye sathanda ukuphulaphula amabali malunga needinosaurs kunye nezidalwa ezidlulileyo ezihlala eMhlabeni. Xa uphanda, akunakuphepheka ukuzifumana siphambi kwamathambo, obona bungqina buthe ngqo bezidalwa ezaphelayo kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.
Siyabulela kubo, siyakwazi ukuphinda sizazi izinto ezaziphila kwizilwanyana ngelo xesha. Njengephazili enkulu ethi kancinci kancinci iphinde yakhiwe kwaye isibonisa indlela izinto ezazikho ngayo ngaphambili. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ukuba isidalwa senyama namathambo sijike sibe lilitye?
Yintoni ifosili?
Ifosili livela kwigama lesiLatini elithi "fossilis," elithetha "ummbi". Iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo kunye nomsebenzi wazo, umzekelo, iifossilized footprints, zinokugqalwa njengefosili. Ezi ntsalela zihlala zigcinwa kumatye e-sedimentary, anokuthi atshintshe ukwakhiwa kwawo. Enye yi-diagenesis, ekubunjwa kwelitye lentlenga ukusuka kwintlenga. Enye yenzeke nge-dynamic metamorphism, kuxa ilitye lingena kwinguqu ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwemeko ngenxa yoxinzelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu ahlukileyo kwelo lisuka kuwo.
Ukubizwa ngokuba "yifosili", kufuneka ibe neminyaka eyi-10.000 ubuncinane. Oko kukuthi, sinokuzifumana zombini kwiHolocene, elixesha langoku, kude kube yiArchaic Eon, ngaphezu kwe-4 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ubungakanani bazo bunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke koko bakuquletheyo, ukusuka kwimicrometers kwifosili yeebhaktheriya ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi kubungakanani beedinosaurs ezinkulu. Kakade ke, kukho iifosili ezinobunzima obuncinane kakhulu kwabanye abanobunzima beetoni ezininzi.
Zenziwa njani?
Ukubunjwa kweefosili kungenzeka ngeendidi ezininzi zenkqubo yefosili. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-petrification, ebizwa ngokuba yimineralization. Ezinye iinkqubo ziya kuba yi-carbonization, ukuphosa kunye nokubumba, kunye nokucwiliswa kwemizimba. Okulandelayo siza kubona ukungafani kwabo.
Ukuqulunqwa ngokwenza izimbiwa
Into yokuqala enyamalalayo xa isilwanyana sisifa ziintsalela zaso. Le nkqubo, eyona nto ixhaphake kakhulu ekubunjweni kwe-fossil, ishiya yonke into eyi-skeleton, i-exoskeleton, amathambo, amazinyo, njl. Ukuba akukho nto yimbi eyenzekayo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kancinci kancinci ezi ziseleyo ziyangcwatywa. Amanzi ahluzayo, nokuba kukho iileya ezininzi zomhlaba ngaphezulu, athwala iiminerali ukuya kwintsalela yethambo elifumaneka ngezantsi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye nokuhamba kwexesha, kubangela ukuba iintsalela ziguqulwe zibe ngamatye. Ngenxa yesi sizathu ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-petrification.
Umzekelo wefosili ngecarbonization
Ukubunjwa kweCarbonization
Ukulahleka kwezinto ezinegesi, ikakhulu ioksijini, ihydrogen kunye nenitrogen, kushiya ifilimu yecarbon endaweni. Olu hlobo lwe-fossilization luxhaphake kakhulu kwizityalo, ngakumbi xa, umzekelo, amagqabi okanye amasebe atyunyuziwe phakathi kwamatye.
Ukwenziwa ngokuphosa kunye nokubumba
Olu hlobo lwefosili lwenzeka njengoshicilelo olubi okanye oluvumayo. Oko kukuthi, kwi-negative iyakuba yikopi eguqulweyo yento ebiyiyo kwaye ngokuqinisekisayo yikopi njengoko ibinjalo. Kule nkalo, banokuboniswa ngeendlela ezi-3:
- Ngaphandle: Yenza imbonakalo engalunganga yento ephilayo, inokuvela kwesikhumba sesilwanyana okanye kumphezulu wegobolondo, umzekelo. Into ephilayo igqunyelelwe kumphezulu wayo ngezinto ezithile, ezinjengodaka. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, iliwa ligcina inkangeleko yesilwanyana esasigqunyiwe.
- Ngaphakathi: Kwenzeka xa izinto zingena kwi-organism, kumzekelo wegobolondo umzekelo, igcwele izinto eziphathekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isilwanyana siyabola ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye izinto ezivaleleke ngaphakathi zithatha imilo yesilwanyana esasikhe sabakho.
- Ngokuchasene nomngundo: Yikopi efanayo yesilwanyana, nangona kunzima kakhulu ukuyivelisa. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, ukungunda kokuqala kufuneka kubekho ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, kwaye ke, ukungunda kwesibini kwindawo echaseneyo senza umfanekiso wento ephilayo.
Uqeqesho lokucwiliswa kwezidumbu
Kule nkqubo i-organism igcinwa phantse njengoko yayikhona. Ukwenza oku, kuyimfuneko ukuba isilwanyana sibanjwe kwizinto eziphathekayo, kwaye sichasana nokubola kwaye singenawo amanzi. Ngokomzekelo, ingcongconi evaleleke kwi-amber, okanye isilwanyana esanyisayo esivaleleke emkhenkceni.
Kwaye ngoku ukuphanda! Siyathemba ukuba ukusukela ngoku xa ubona ifosili, ungayibona nenkqubo eyenza ukuba kwenzeke!