Zininzi iindidi zemvula ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi kunye neempawu zohlobo ngalunye. Enye yazo yi imvula ye-orographic. Kwenzeka xa umoya ofumileyo utyhalwa ukusuka elwandle usiya entabeni kwaye udlula kwithambeka eliphezulu. Kule ndawo yindawo yokuhlangana phakathi komhlaba kunye neatmosfera.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nemvula ye-orographic, iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela ebaluleke ngayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Imvula yeOrographic yenzeka xa umoya ofumileyo ovela elwandle udlula kwintaba ethe tyaba. Umoya uhlawuliswe ngomphunga wamanzi kwaye Ibalekela kwindawo ebandayo yomoya kwindawo ephezulu. Kulapha apho ikhupha yonke imvula emva koko yehle entabeni inobushushu obungaphezulu kokunyukayo.
Le mvula ayibalulekanga kuphela kulondolozo lwendalo kunye nabo oovimba, kodwa ikwabalulekile kwizinto ezithile ezibonakalayo zenkqubo yoMhlaba. Uninzi lwemilambo luzalwa ziintaba eziphakamileyo kwaye zondliwa ziimvula ezinamanzi. Izikhukula, ukuqhekeka komhlaba kunye ne-avalanches zihlala zichaphazeleka kubunzulu bemvula ye-orographic. Kwiindawo ezinamathambeka aqhelekileyo zihlala zihlala zikhona kuvelisa umonakalo omkhulu kuba kulula ukuba imvula ihlambe i-sediment.
Ukuqulunqwa kwemvula ye-orographic
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka zibenazo okusingqongileyo ukuze kuveliswe imvula ye-orographic. Sicinga ukuba ubunzima bomoya obunesixa esikhulu somphunga wamanzi buvela elwandle. Xa ehamba abaleka aye entabeni. Njengoko umoya unyuka uqala ukuphola. Kulapho amafu orographic enza kwaye asebenze njengomthombo wemvula. Amafu akhiwa ngokudibana komphunga wamanzi kunye namafu e-cumulus ayenziwa. Amafu e-Orographic anokuvelisa zombini imvula kunye nezaqhwithi zombane ezinamandla.
Konke kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi onyukayo kunye numahluko kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nomphezulu womhlaba. Okukhulu umahluko kumaqondo obushushu, kokukhona umphunga wamanzi uxinana kwaye kuya kusiba mninzi kula mafu. Xa ukuhamba komoya kuphazanyiswa bubukho benduli okanye intaba kunyanzeleka ukuba inyuke. Olu tshintsho kwicala lomoya yile nto ibangela utshintsho kwiinkqubo zemozulu.
Ukunyuka komoya omanzi phezu komhlaba akonelanga ukuba kunokubakho imvula. Oku kuhlala kusenzeka xa sele kukho izaqhwithi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ayisiyi kuphela ukufuma komoya ofumileyo, kodwa amaqondo obushushu kufuneka abanda njengoko ukuvelisa amafu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwenziwa kwamafu orographic. Kwelinye icala, xa umoya wehla nje ukuba ugqobhoze, zombini ilifu kunye nemvula iphela ingumphunga. Umoya usasazeka kwicala lomgxobhozo, indawo echaseneyo apho uvela khona umoya. Ngenxa yemvula, umoya uphulukene nobushushu bawo bonke kwaye uqala ukufudumala. Kwimeko yemvula ye-orographic, zihlala ziphantsi kwaye umoya kuthiwa ukwisithunzi semvula.
Iindawo apho imvula ye-orographic ivela khona
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, imvula ye-orographic ixhomekeke ekubeni yenzeka phi na. Ubunzulu kunye nokwakhiwa zizinto eziguquguqukayo ezixhomekeke kwi-morphology nakwimozulu yendawo eveliswa kuyo. Ezinye iindawo emhlabeni ziyathanda Ziziqithi zeHawaii kunye neNew Zealand zaziwa ngokuba nemvula eninzi. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba uninzi lwemvula lubonwa kumacala omoya. Inxalenye yomoya kulapho umoya uvela khona. Iindawo ezichaseneyo zihlala zigcinwa zomile.
Imvula yeOrographic ibangela ukungangqinelani okuthile. Umzekelo, amanxweme afumana imvula encinci kuneendawo eziphakamileyo. Kufuneka siyiqonde into yokuba uluntu lunabela kuzo zonke iindawo kwiindawo ezinamanzi ezona zomileyo nezichaphazeleka kakhulu. Ayipheleli nje ekuthinteleni ngendlela efanayo, ikhokelela kwindawo ezomileyo nezihlwempuzekileyo. IHawaii ifumana imvula encinci ngonyaka kuneentaba ezinje ngeWai'ale'ale eKaua'i.
Enye indawo ehlabathini apho imvula ye-orographic ixhaphake ivela kwiintaba zePennine kumantla eNgilani. Ngasentshona kolu luhlu lweentaba iManchester enemvula engaphezulu kuneLeeds. Esi sixeko sikwimpuma kwaye sinemvula encinci ngenxa yemanqanaba asezantsi emvula. Ungatsho ukuba ibikwindawo yesithunzi semvula. Ingxaki ngoluhlobo lwemvula kukuba icala leeward lithanda ukubethwa yimbalela kunye nomhlaba ohlwempuzekileyo.
Ukubaluleka
Imvula yeOrographic idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuhlobo, ubungakanani kunye nobude bemvula kwiindawo zombini zentaba. Kukho ezinye izifundo ezibonise ukuba iintaba zisebenza njengesithintelo somhlaba kwaye kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuthambeka kunye nesantya esihamba ngaso umoya, kungana ngaphezulu okanye kancinci. Ukuba ithambeka lentaba linyuke kakhulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunethe ngamandla kule ntaba buqu kwaye nomoya owomileyo ufike kwindawo enamanzi. Kwelinye icala, ukuphakama kwentaba nako kufanelekile. Iintaba ezincinci zithetha ukuba ummandla weeweward awusokoli kangako kwimbalela kuba iimvula zingaphumi ngokupheleleyo entabeni.
Akukho nto uyibonayo ngaphandle kweentaba ezinkulu ezinjengeeHimalaya ibangela indawo ekuhlwempuzeke kakhulu kuyo ukusukela imvula iphelela ekwenzakaleni kwentaba ngokwayo kwaye ayizukufikelela kwenye indawo. Njengoko ubona, imvula ye-orographic ingaluncedo kumthombo wemilambo, nangona inokudala iingxaki ezithile. Iingxaki ezinje ngokurhuqa intlenga, ukuqhekeka komhlaba, njl. Kunye nembalela kwicandelo leeward.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nemvula ye-orographic nokubaluleka kwayo.