Imitha yelanga yinguqu ebalulekileyo yemozulu ethi isebenze ukuze yazi ubungakanani "bobushushu" esiya kubufumana elangeni kumphezulu womhlaba. Esi sixa semitha yelanga siyatshintshwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokugcinwa kweegreenhouse gases.
Imitha yelanga iyakwazi ukufudumeza umphezulu womhlaba kunye nezinto (nkqu neyethu) ngokufudumeza umoya. Ngapha koko, lo mahluko ubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uvavanye umsebenzi esiwenzayo kwidabi lokulwa utshintsho lwemozulu. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into malunga nemitha yelanga?
Imitha yelanga idlula emoyeni
Xa siselunxwemeni ngolunye lweentsuku ezishushu zasehlotyeni, silala phantsi "elangeni." Njengoko sihlala kwitawuli ixesha elide, siyaqaphela ukuba umzimba wethu ufudumala njani kwaye wonyusa iqondo lobushushu, de kube kufuneka sihlambe okanye sizibeke emthunzini kuba siyatsha. Kwenzeke ntoni apha, ukuba umoya awushushu kangako? Into eyenzekileyo yile Imitha yelanga igqithile kumoya wethu kwaye ifudumeze imizimba yethu ngokungenakufudumeza umoya.
Into efana nale yenzekayo kuthi kule meko yinto eyenzekayo eMhlabeni: Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba 'uphantse ubonakale' kwimitha yelanga, kodwa umphezulu woMhlaba namanye amaziko akuyo ayawuthatha. Amandla adluliselwe liLanga eMhlabeni yinto eyaziwa ngokuba ngamandla amenyezelayo okanye ngemitha. Imitha ihamba esithubeni ngohlobo lwamaza athwala amandla. Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bamandla abawathwalayo, bahlelwa ecaleni kombane wombane. Sinawo amaza anamandla anje ngemitha ye-gamma, imitha ye-X kunye ne-ultraviolet, kunye nalawo anamandla amancinci anjenge-infrared, microwaves kunye namaza erediyo.
Yonke imizimba ikhupha imitha
Yonke imizimba ikhupha imitha ngokusekwe kubushushu bayo. Oku kunikwa ngu Umthetho kaStefan-Boltzmann ethi amandla akhutshwa ngumzimba alingane ngokuthe ngqo kumandla wesine obushushu bawo. Kungenxa yoko le nto iLanga, isiqwenga somthi esivuthayo, umzimba wethu kunye nesiqwenga somkhenkce sikhanyisa amandla ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Oku kusikhokelela ekubeni sizibuze umbuzo: kutheni sikwazi "ukubona" imitha ekhutshwa lilanga okanye isiqwenga somthi esivuthayo kwaye asikwazi ukubona imitha esiyikhuphayo, umphezulu woMhlaba okanye isiqwenga ngumkhenkce? Njengokuba, oku kuxhomekeka ubukhulu becala kubushushu obufikeleleke kubo bonke, kwaye ke, ubungakanani bamandla abakhupha ikakhulu. Okukhona amaqondo obushushu efikelela, kokukhona isixa samandla esiwakhupha kumaza awo, yiyo loo nto sizakubonakala ngakumbi.
Ilanga likwiqondo lobushushu elingama-6.000 K kwaye likhupha imitha ikakhulu kumaza abonakalayo (eyaziwa ngokuba ngamaza okukhanya), ikwakhupha nemitha yelanga (enegunya elininzi kwaye yiyo loo nto itshisa ulusu lwethu ekuvezeni okude) kunye Eminye ikhupha yimitha ye-infrared engabonwa ngeliso lomntu. Kungenxa yoko le nto singenakuyibona imitha ephuma emzimbeni wethu. Umzimba womntu umalunga ne-37 degrees celcius kwaye imitha ebakhuphayo ikwi-infrared.
Isebenza njani imitha yelanga
Ngokuqinisekileyo ukwazi ukuba imizimba iqhubeka ikhupha imitha kunye namandla kuya kuzisa omnye umbuzo entlokweni yakho. Kutheni, ukuba imizimba ikhupha amandla kunye nemitha, ngaba ngokuthe ngcembe ayipholi? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ilula: Ngelixa zikhupha amandla, ziyayifunxa. Kukho omnye umthetho, ongulo we-radiative balance, othi into ikhupha amandla alinganayo njengoko ifunxa, yiyo loo nto bekwazi ukugcina ubushushu obungapheliyo.
Yiyo ke loo nto, kwinkqubo-yomoya womhlaba kwenzeka uthotho lweenkqubo apho kufakwa khona amandla, kukhutshwe kuboniswe, ukuze Ukulingana kokugqibela phakathi kwemitha efikelela encotsheni yomoya ovela eLangeni kunye nophuma uye emajukujukwini yi-zero. Ngamanye amagama, iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi lonyaka lihlala lihleli. Xa imitha yelanga ingena eMhlabeni, uninzi lwayo luthathwa bubume bomhlaba. Incinci kakhulu imitha yesiganeko efunxwa ngamafu nomoya. Eminye imitha ibonakaliswa ngumphezulu, iigesi, amafu kwaye ibuyiselwe kwisithuba esingaphandle.
Ubungakanani bemitha ebonakaliswa ngumzimba ngokunxulumene nesiganeko semitha saziwa njenge 'albedo'. Ke ngoko, sinokuthi Inkqubo yomhlaba-moya ine-albedo ephakathi ye-30%. Ikhephu elisandul 'ukuwa okanye enye icumulonimbus ethe nkqo ethe nkqo inealbedo kufutshane nama-90%, ngelixa iintlango zineepesenti ezingama-25 kunye nolwandle malunga ne-10% (zithatha phantse yonke imitha efikayo).
Siyilinganisela njani imitha?
Ukulinganisa imitha yelanga esiyifumana kwindawo, sisebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-pyranometer. Eli candelo liqulathe isivamvo esivalelwe kwi-hemisphere esekuhleni ehambisa yonke imitha yelitha encinci kakhulu. Le nzwa inamacandelo amnyama namhlophe atshintshanayo afunxa isixa semitha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Umahluko phakathi kweqondo lobushushu phakathi kwala macandelo ulungelelaniswe ngokokuhamba kwemitha (kulinganiswa ngee-watts ngeemitha zesikwere).
Uqikelelo lobungakanani bemitha yelanga esiyifumanayo inokufunyanwa ngokulinganisa inani leeyure zokukhanya kwelanga esinazo. Ukwenza oku, sisebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-heliograph. Oku kwenziwa yiglasi egxile kumazantsi ejografi, esebenza njengeglasi enkulu yokukhulisa, egxila kuyo yonke imitha efunyenwe kwindawo ye-incandescent etshisa iphepha elikhethekileyo lephepha kunye neeyure zemini.
Imitha yelanga kunye nefuthe lokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu
Kwangoko besikhankanyile ukuba isixa semitha yelanga engena eMhlabeni nento eshiyekileyo iyafana. Oku akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo, kuba ukuba kunjalo, iqondo lobushushu beplanethi yethu iya kuba ngama-88 degrees. Sifuna into eza kusinceda sigcine ubushushu ukuze sikwazi ukuba nobushushu obumnandi nokuhlala kubo obenza ukuba ubomi bube kho kwiplanethi. Kulapho sizisa khona isiphumo sokugcina. Xa imitha yelanga ihlasela umphezulu womhlaba, ibuyela phantse isiqingatha sibuyele kwiatmosfera ukuze siyikhuphele ngaphandle. Ewe, siphawule ukuba amafu, umoya kunye nezinye izinto zomoya zithatha indawo encinci yemitha yelanga. Nangona kunjalo, esi sixa sitsaliwe asonelanga ukuba sikwazi ukugcina ubushushu obuzinzileyo kwaye senze umhlaba wethu uhlale. Singahlala njani nala maqondo obushushu?
Oko kubizwa ngokuba zii-greenhouse gases zezo zigcina iqondo lobushushu elikhutshwa ngumphezulu womhlaba obuyela umva emoyeni. Iigesi zeGreenhouse zezi: Umphunga wamanzi, icarbon dioxide (CO2), i-nitrogen oxides, i-oxide yesalfure, imethane, njl. Irhasi nganye yendlu eluhlaza inesakhono esahlukileyo sokufumana imitha yelanga. Umthamo ongakumbi wokufunxa imitha, kokukhona ubushushu buya kuwugcina kwaye abuyi kuvumela ukuba babuyele emajukujukwini.
Kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu, uxinzelelo lweegesi zegreenhouse (kubandakanya ezona CO2) bezikhula ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ukunyuka kolu nyuso kufanelekile inguqu kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokutshiswa kwezibaso kumzi-mveliso, amandla kunye nezothutho. Ukutshiswa kwezibaso ezifana ne-oyile kunye namalahle, kubangela i-CO2 kunye nokukhutshwa kwemethane. Ezi gesi ziphuma ekuphumeni zibangela ukuba zigcine isixa esikhulu semitha yelanga kwaye zingavumeli ukuba zibuyiselwe emajukujukwini.
Oku kwaziwa njengempembelelo yegreenhouse. Nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa esi siphumo sikubiza ngokuba yigreenhouse ayisebenzi, kuba le nto siyenzayo inyusa amaqondo obushushu aphakathi komhlaba nangakumbi. Ukuxinana kwezi gesi zifunxa imitha emoyeni, kokukhona ziya kugcina ubushushu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kokukhona amaqondo obushushu aya kunyuka.
Imitha yelanga kunye notshintsho lwemozulu
Ubushushu behlabathi buyaziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ngenxa yokugcina okukhulu imitha yelanga kubangela utshintsho kwimozulu yehlabathi. Ayithethi nje kuphela ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwiplanethi aya kunyuka, kodwa ukuba imozulu nayo yonke into equka iya kutshintsha.
Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kubangela ukungazinzi kwimisinga yomoya, ubuninzi beelwandle, ukuhanjiswa kweentlobo, ukulandelelana kwamaxesha onyaka, ukwanda kweziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo (ezinjengembalela, izikhukula, iinkanyamba ...), njl.. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuze siphinde sibuyele ngendlela efanelekileyo, kufuneka sinciphise ukukhutshwa kwegesi egcina umoya opholileyo kwaye sibuyise imozulu yethu.