La ilifu yenye yeemeko zemozulu ezifundwa mihla le. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi uqikelelo lwemozulu. Amafu akabonisi kuphela iimvula kunye neenkqwithela, kodwa anika nolwazi oluninzi malunga nemeteorology yommandla. Namhlanje kuyaziwa ngeendlela ezininzi ukubanakho ukuqikelela imozulu eza kubakho kwaye ubumnyama budlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela zonke iimpawu, iintlobo kunye nokubaluleka kokugcwala kwelifu.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Amafu aqokelelelela umphunga wamanzi owenziwe kukupholisa umoya. Ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwamafu kuqala ngokwenziwa kwelanga kunye neziganeko zemitha yomoya wethu. Xa imitha yelanga ifudumeza umphezulu womhlaba, kunjalo nangomoya owangqongileyo. Xa umoya uqala ukwandisa ubushushu bayo Iyancipha, ke ihlala iphakama kwaye ithathe indawo yomoya opholileyo phezulu. Ngokuchasene noko, kumphezulu womhlaba, umoya obandayo unoxanduva lokutshintsha umoya ofudumeleyo ophume. Njengokuphakama komoya apho unyukela khona, udibana nezingqimba ezibandayo ezibangela ukuba aqale ukunciphisa iqondo lobushushu.
Ke ngoko, xa ufikelela kumaleko omoya obandayo, iqondo lobushushu liyancipha kwaye liphela lide libe ngumphunga wamanzi. Umphunga wamanzi awubonakali ngamehlo kwaye uhlala ngokusisigxina emoyeni. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko zenziwe ngumkhenkce olula kakhulu kunye namathontsi amanzi, bayakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni ngokukhanya okuthe nkqo nkqo. Umoya ome nkqo omileyo owaneleyo ukugcina amathontsi amanzi kunye nomkhenkce emoyeni.
Umahluko okhoyo phakathi kokwakheka kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafu ubangelwe ikakhulu iqondo lobushushu apho umoya unyukele phezulu kumphezulu womhlaba uyadibana. Kukho amafu enza kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kunye namanye aphezulu. Amaqondo asezantsi obushushu ayenzeka, kokukhona liya lishuba ilifu. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwelifu kunye neemeko zemozulu, uhlobo olunye okanye olunye lwemvula lwenziwa.
Isibhakabhaka emoyeni
Ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, ilifu elenziwa ziikristale zomkhenkce. Enye into echaphazela ukwenziwa kwelifu kukuhamba komoya. Amafu ayenziwa nini umoya uphumle uhlala ubonakala kumanqanaba okanye kumqolo. Kwelinye icala, ezo zenziwa phakathi komoya okanye umoya onamandla othe nkqo zibonakalisa ukukhula nkqo. Ngokwesiqhelo le yokugqibela ingunobangela wemvula neenkqwithela.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafu ngokwendlela enayo:
Amafu aphezulu
Ngawo loo mafu enza kwindawo ephezulu kwaye onke aqikelela into kwimozulu. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zamafu aphezulu:
- ICirrus: Bangamafu amhlophe, aselubala kwaye akanazithunzi zangaphakathi. Zivela njenge "faretails" ezaziwayo. Ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwamafu ayilwe ziikristale zomkhenkce ngenxa yokuphakama apho zifumaneka khona. Zifana nemisonto emide, ebhityileyo enesabelo esingaphezulu okanye esincinci rhoqo semigca efanayo. Ingabonakala ngeliso lenyama ijonge esibhakabhakeni kwaye ibone ukuba kubonakala njani ukuba isibhakabhaka sapeyintwa ngemivumbo. Ukuba isibhakabhaka sonke sigutyungelwe ngamafu e-cirrus, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezizayo utshintsho olomeleleyo lwemozulu luya kubakho. Ngokubanzi, zihlala zilutshintsho lokwehla kwamaqondo obushushu.
- ICirrocumulus: La mafu enza i-cabal ephantse iqhubeke ebonakala njengombuso ombeneyo. Ukongeza, ineemilo ezijikelezileyo ngokungathi zincinci iiflokhwe zomqhaphu. Amafu amhlophe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokubonisa nasiphi na isithunzi. Xa isibhakabhaka sibonakala sigutyungelwe lolu hlobo lwamafu, kuthiwa luyadika. Kuyafana nokulukwa kwegusha. Ezi ntlobo zamafu zibonisa ukuba imozulu iyakutshintsha malunga neeyure ezili-12 ukuba ivela ecaleni kwamafu e-cirrus. Abasoloko belubonisa olu tshintsho lwexesha.
- ICirrostratus: Kubonakala ngathi kukuqala nje kwesikhuselo, apho kunzima khona ukwahlula iinkcukacha. Ngamanye amaxesha imiphetho inokuqatshelwa njengoko inde kwaye ibanzi ebanzi. Ziyaziwa ngokulula kuba zenza i-halo esibhakabhakeni ejikeleze ilanga nenyanga. Zivame ukwenzeka kumafama e-cirrus kwaye zibonise ukuba imozulu embi okanye indawo efudumeleyo iyeza.
Amafu aphakathi
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafu ezenziwe kubude obuphakathi:
- I-Altocumulus: Ngamafu aphakathi ngokomlinganiselo amile okweflake nesakhiwo esingaqhelekanga. La mafu abonisa iiflakes kunye neempuphu kwindawo yazo esezantsi. I-Altocumulus ibonisa ukuba imozulu embi iqala ngenxa yemvula okanye izaqhwithi.
- I-Altostratus: Bangamafu anobume obungqongqothwane obucekeceke kunye nezinye izaleko ezixineneyo. Ilanga lihlala libonwa ngapha kongqimba lwamafu kwaye ukubonakala kwalo kufana noko kwamabala athile angaqhelekanga. Zichaza imvula engenamandla kakhulu ebangelwa kukuhla kwamaqondo obushushu.
Amafu asezantsi
Amafu asezantsi asondelelene nomphezulu womhlaba kwaye aveliswa kuphela xa kudaleka imvula. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba xa imozulu intle akukho mafu aphantsi. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- INimbostratus: Zibonakala njengomaleko omnyama oqhelekileyo omnyama onamaqondo ahlukeneyo opacity. Kungenxa yokuba uxinano luyahluka kwilifu lonke. Ziqhelekile kwimvula yasentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Banokufumaneka nakwimvula ngohlobo lwekhephu.
- IStratocumulus: Zizo ezo zinokungqinwa okufana neesilinda ezinde. Banazo neempuku ezikwimibala eyahlukeneyo engwevu. Kunqabile ukuba bazise imvula.
- Strata: Bangamafu anomilo woboya obumpunga kwaye abanasakhiwo sichaziweyo. Kuxhomekeke kubuninzi bendawo nganye yelifu, ezinye izakhiwo ezinesilinganiselo esikhulu okanye esincinci se-opacity zingahlulwa. Xa amaqondo obushushu esezantsi kwezona nyanga zibandayo zonyaka ngamafu anokuhlala phantse imini yonke kwaye anike imeko emnyama kumhlaba obonakalayo. Ngabo baphambili kwiintsuku ezinamafu ezithandwayo.
Ukubaluleka kokugcwala kwelifu
Ubumnyama ngumoya oguquguqukayo ofundwe nzulu ukuze wazi imeteorology yomzuzu. Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu kwiifoto ze-satellite. Kwaye kukuba iisathelayithi ezingasebenziyo ngemitha ye-infrared zikhubazekile xa indawo enamafu iphezulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namafu kunye neempawu zawo.