NgoNovemba ka-1904, ikhephu elikhulu elirekhodiweyo kwirekhodi yemozulu lenzeka kwisixeko saseMadrid, zombini ngexesha (ukususela ngoNovemba 27, 1904) kunye nekhephu. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini kamva, ngoFebruwari 1907, elinye ikhephu elinzima labetha ikomkhulu laseSpeyin, lashiya amanqaku afanayo kwaye labangela iingxaki ezininzi, nangona ngoNovemba 1904 kwakukho ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwekhephu. Enkulu Ukuwa kwekhephu eMadrid ngowe-1904 yashiya uphawu lwayo kwaye, ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ayizange idlulwe nguFilomena.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nekhephu elikhulu laseMadrid ngo-1904.
Ikhephu elikhulu eMadrid ngo-1904
Le yindlela u-Inocencio Font Tullot agqabaza ngayo kwincwadi yakhe ethi «Historia del clima de España» (INM, 1988): «EMadrid, ukusuka nge-27 ukuya kwi-30 kaNovemba 1904, lalikhithika kakhulu, kunye nomaleko wekhephu ukuya kuthi ga kwimitha ubukhulu. kwiipaki, iindawo kunye nakwiindlela zokuhamba.”
Ukuwa kwekhephu okungaqhelekanga akuthandabuzeki. Ukongeza ekufumaneni iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo, iCentral Institute of Meteorology (ICM) [ngoku i-AEMET], eyayikwisakhiwo senqaba yakudala yombane (“El Castillo”) eParque del Retiro, nayo yaqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wayo oqhelekileyo. ngenxa yokuwa kwekhephu elikhulu. Ukuwa kwemigca yetelegraph emininzi kwikomkhulu kuthintele uninzi lwedatha efunyenwe apho yonke imihla ukuba ifike ngexesha.
Kwi-Daily Meteorological Bulletin ukususela ngoNovemba 27 ukuya kwi-30, i-1904, u-Augusto Arcimís, uMlawuli we-ICM, wabhala ngesandla sakhe kwisithuba esizinikezelwe "kwimozulu enokwenzeka" (ukubikezelwa): Izaziso ezifanele zikhutshwe". Ukongezelela koku, kwitekisi yosuku echaza imeko (yemozulu ngokubanzi), uArcimís wabalaselisa iingxaki ezibangelwa likhephu. weza nomsebenzi wakhe kwaye akazange akwazi ukusasaza intengiso ngexesha njengoko kufuneka. Isaqhwithi safika kwiGulf of Cadiz, safaka umoya ofumileyo, saza sadibana nengqele yepolar eyayiwe kwi-peninsula kusuku olungaphambili.
ibinjani ikhephu
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ikhephu laqalisa laza laqhubeka ngomhla wama-27 (kunye neziphazamiso ezithile apho kwanetha imvula) de kwaba ngowe-30. Ubukho boqhwithela olunzulu lweAtlantiki oluvela eMadeira oluya kufikelela kwiGulf of Cádiz yaye kamva lwawela iEnglish Channel neAlberland. indawo yayisisiqalo semeko entle njengoko lalikhithika kakhulu eMadrid nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi zepeninsula yangaphakathi. Wafumana umoya obandayo ovela kwizibonda ezazizinze kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia iintsuku ngaphambi kokuwa kwekhephu, njengoko besithi, yayiyimeko yeencwadi, kwikomkhulu ikhephu lekhephu kangangeeyure ezingama-32, nobukhulu bekhephu elisusela kwi-70 ukuya kwi-150 yeesentimitha. ngokuxhomekeke kummandla, ukhubazeke ngokupheleleyo umzi.
amaphephandaba kunye neendaba
Imibhalo-ngqangi eyapapashwa kumaphephandaba elo xesha ingqina ngokuthembekileyo ubungakanani nokungaqhelekanga kwelo khephu. Kuhlelo lwangokuhlwa lwe<em>El Grafico, ngoLwesithathu, ngoNovemba 30, 1904, kufundeka oku kulandelayo: «Ukuvuka nemvula, ngo-10 ekuseni imvula yajika yaba likhephu. Umonakalo ongakumbi kwimigca yetelegraph kunye neentambo zetram. Zonke izibonda ezivela ePorto Toledo ukuya eCalabanchel Alto ziwile. Ukujikeleza kweTram kuyaqhubeka kuphazamiseka kwiindawo ezininzi.
Enye yeengxelo ezipheleleyo malunga nokuwa kwekhephu yavela kwiphephandaba elithi "El Imparcial" ngoLwesine, ngoDisemba 1, 1904. Sibhala ngaphantsi komhlathi wokuqala wengxelo, kuba ibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo iingxaki ezinkulu ezibangelwa yikhephu kwikomkhulu laseSpain.
“Akukho khephu eMadrid likhunjulwa lininzi okanye ixesha elide njengale sikuyo ngoku. Ngenxa yoko, ubomi baseMadrid buye baphazanyiswa. Akukho loliwe, iitram okanye iimoto; izitrato kunye neendlela zigqunywe ngumaleko wekhephu isiqingatha semitha ubukhulu kwaye ukuhamba kuyingozi kwaye kucotha. Ubonelelo lweemarike lwenziwa ngobunzima, kwaye akukho ndlela kaloliwe okanye iimoto ezizisa izibonelelo ezivela kwiidolophu ezikufutshane zinokubonelela ngenkonzo yazo yokuqhuba izibonelelo. Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa phandle inqunyanyisiwe kwaye amawakawaka abasebenzi abanamisebenzi.
Imbonakalo yabemi ilusizi kwaye iyinkangala. Iindlela ziphantse zibe nesithukuthezi, iivenkile ezininzi zivaliwe, ii-cafes azininzi kakhulu, imiboniso yemidlalo yeqonga yayinqunyanyisiwe izolo, unxibelelwano lomnxeba lwaphazamiseka, uninzi lwabahlali bavaleleke kumakhaya abo ... iMadrid iqala kwinyanga yokugqibela yonyaka njengoko idolophu efileyo kwaye ingcwatywe phantsi kweebhloko ezinkulu zebhastile.
IGravure eshicilelweyo yayisebuncinaneni bayo ngelo xesha, ngoko kwakungekho mifanekiso mininzi yokuwa kwekhephu okanye abantu abenza amanani. Kwakungekho iifoto zikaKumkani uAlfonso XIII ngaloo mihla, kodwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, nge-8 kaDisemba, Kwavela ifoto yakhe esemotweni yakhe entsha, epapashwe liphephancwadi leHlabathi Elitsha.
Kwa eli phephancwadi linye lapapasha iifoto zokuwa kwekhephu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeso sixeko ngaloo mini, kuquka nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo wekhephu owawenziwe ngabantu ngaphambili embindini wephepha. Kule meko, linenekazi elihloniphekileyo.
Emva kokwalatha ukuba bekunekhephu elingayekiyo kangangeeyure ezingama-32, kunye nokuba umgca omhlophe ufikelele ngaphezu kweemitha kwiindawo ezifana nePlaza Colón, iMundo Nuevo ichaza umonakalo owenziwe likhephu, njengokuvulwa kwemingxuma kwiindlela zendlela yezinye izitrato kunye neeNcwadi zeSizwe Kwenzekani ngekhephu. Iphavilion, izinyuko zaba ngamathambeka omkhenkce.
Nevada yaseMadrid ngo-1904 kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu
Kwimeko yangoku yokufudumala kwehlabathi, kunzima, ukuba akunakwenzeka, ukuba iMadrid iphinde ibe nekhephu elikhulu ngolo hlobo. Nangona ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu kuyinyani engenakuphikiswa, kwaye yonke into ibonisa ukuba iya kuqhubeka kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka ezayo, ukuba nokwenzeka kwepateni yemozulu efana nale yenzeka ekupheleni kukaNovemba 1904 ayinakukhutshelwa ngaphandle nangawuphi na umzuzu. Ngelo xesha, amathuba okuwa kwekhephu eMadrid ayephezulu kakhulu kunokuba kunjalo ngoku, kodwa ngenxa yokuthambeka okutsha nje kokujikeleza kwe-atmospheric kwizibanzi zethu, sisenokuba namava afanayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nekhephu elikhulu eMadrid ngowe-1904.