Amagqabantshintshi ngumkhenkce omkhulu wefilimu owenziwe ngenxa yokuqokelelana, ukudibana kunye nokulawulwa kwekhephu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Le mininzi yomkhenkce iphinde yaphinda yasebenza kwaye inokuhamba iyehla, isakha isiqabu esaziwa njenge ntlambo yomkhenkce. Kwakukho ezinye iindlela ezaye zanikezela ngendlela yokuzalwa kwezitya zamanzi ezinjengemilambo, amachibi kunye namachibi. Namhlanje siza kugxila ekufundeni ngokwahlukileyo iinxalenye zomkhenkce.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iindawo zomkhenkce kwaye zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili.
Ukuqulunqwa kweGlacier
Kuqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezili-10 zomhlaba zigutyungelwe ngumkhenkce. Ezi zinto eziphilayo zibalulekile ukusukela oko Iipesenti ezingama-75 zamanzi acocekileyo emhlabeni ziyagcinwa. Ukongeza, la maqhekeza omkhenkce adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqu yemozulu kwihlabathi liphela. Inkqubo ekhokelela ekwenziweni komkhenkce yaziwa ngokuba yi-glaciation. Le nkqubo iqulathe ingqokelela kunye nokusisigxina kwekhephu ngokuqhubekayo. Eli khephu liwela kwindawo enikiweyo ngexesha elifutshane ngexesha lejoloji. Imozulu yale ndawo kufuneka ikwazi ukufaka isandla kule nkqubo.
Ukuba amaqondo obushushu onyaka maxesha onyaka, umkhenkce womkhenkce ngekhe ubenakho ukubakho. Kungenxa yokuba amaqondo obushushu ashushu abangela ukuba ikhephu linyibilike. Isimo sezulu esikhoyo kufuneka sibe namaqondo obushushu asezantsi athintela umxholo ukuba unyibilike ngamaxesha apho kukho ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu. Ukukhula kweGlacier kwenziwa ukongeza ikhephu kunye nexesha lekhephu. Kukho namaxesha ahlukeneyo xa icing yenzeka rhoqo. Ke, kunokuthiwa ukuba ikhephu liya ngokuya kwindawo ebandayo. Kulapha apho ulwakhiwo lwayo luhlengahlengisiwe kwaye lwaludityaniswa lufumana uxinizelelo oluphezulu njengesiphumo salo.
Amagqabantshintshi agcina ibhalansi yokwakheka kunye nelahleko yobunzima. Indlela ekufuneka belahlekelwe ngayo ngakumbi kukunyibilika kwamanzi kumkhenkce, ukuthambisa kunye nokuqhaqha iqhwa. La masisi omkhenkce acinezelekileyo atshintshana rhoqo nangokusisigxina ngobuninzi namanye amacandelo omjikelo wamanzi. Elona candelo liphantsi lomkhenkce kukunxibelelana okungapheliyo nomphezulu womhlaba kwaye kubangela ukuba umkhenkce uhambe. Ibhalansi phakathi kokuzuzwa kobunzima kunye nelahleko yomkhenkce waziwa ngokuba ngumlinganiso wobunzima. Ukuba umlinganiso wobunzima uneziphumo ezilungileyo, le glacier iya kunyuka ngobukhulu. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba inebhalansi engalunganga iya kuhlala ithanda hamba uqhekeka ngesantya esandayo de unyamalale.
Icandelo lomkhenkce
Siza kuhlalutya nganye nganye ezona ndawo ziphambili zomkhenkce.
Indawo yokuqokelela
Ziyaziwa ngegama le-glacial cirque kwaye luxinzelelo olwenzeka ngenxa yokhukuliseko lomkhenkce. Olu khukuliseko lomkhenkce lwenzeka ezindongeni zeentaba kwaye luba ngumthombo weentlambo. Kuwo wonke lo mmandla ingqokelela yekhephu ewayo yimvula iphambili. Eli khephu liya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe lijike libe ngumkhenkce kwaye livelise inkqubo yokondla umkhenkce kwindawo yayo ephezulu.
Indawo ye-Ablation
Ngokuchasene noko kwenzeka nge-aria yokuqokelela, le yindawo apho ilahleko yomkhenkce nekhephu zenzeka khona. Ubukhulu becala ifom iphakanyiswa ngokwenza okanye ukunyibilika. Kule ndawo yomkhenkce ubunzima bebhalansi abubi. Oku kuthetha ukuba inqanaba lokulahleka kweqhwa likhulu kunelo lokuqokelelwa kwalo. Umkhenkce uthambekele ekulahlekeni Fusion kunye sublimation, kwakunye detachment of inginginya. Esi sixhobo sivela ikakhulu njengesiphumo sokwehla komkhenkce ukuya kumanqanaba obude bangaphakathi. Le ntshukumo isiya kwiindawo eziphantsi ibangela ukugubungela i-moraine ukuya kumphezulu womkhenkce ofileyo.
Ulwimi lweGlacial
Ulwimi lwe-glacial yindawo eyenziwe ngobuninzi bomkhenkce obaleka ukwehla ngenxa yempembelelo yomxhuzulane. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuvelisa ukurhuqa okukhulu kwamatye okubangela ukwenziwa kweedipozithi ezaziwa ngegama le-moraines. Kule ndawo kukho isixa esikhulu sokukhukuliseka komhlaba kunye nokusekwa kwesiqabu esifana nomkhenkce.
Moraines omkhenkce
Le yenye yenxalenye yomkhenkce enomdla kakhulu ukuyifunda. Yaziwa njengeendawo zeentaba ezinemathiriyeli engumkhenkce engacandwanga. Zenziwe ikakhulu ngokude kube ngoku. Oku kude kubeyintsalela yeentsalela eziye zawela kukhukuliseko olubangelwa ngumkhenkce njengoko lihamba emhlabeni. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-glain glace moraines ngokweempawu ezithile. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Isiphelo sendlela: Luhlobo lwe-moraine olwenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngamaqhekeza amatye. La maqhekeza amatye asuswe kwangaphambili kwaye abekwa esiphelweni somkhenkce. Umkhenkce uhlala ungashukumi ngelixa amatye abekiweyo. Yilapho iifom moraine yesiphelo. Ukuqulunqwa kwale moraine kunxulunyaniswa nokunyibilika komophu womkhenkce. Ezi nkqubo zenzeka ekupheleni komkhenkce kwisantya esifana nokuqhubela phambili komkhenkce kwindawo yayo yokondla.
- Ngezantsi moraine: Ngenye yeqhekeza lomkhenkce elenziwe ngodaka lwamatye. Ezi zifakwa ngelixa umkhenkce uhlala ungashukumi. Ukubuyela umva komkhenkce kuyenzeka, isiphumo sokoyisa ukwehla ukuya ekufumaneni. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ulahlekelwe ngumkhenkce ongaphezulu kunokuba uqokelela. Oku kubangela ukuba inkqubo ye-sedimentation yebhanti yesondlo ibonakale ngaxeshanye. Eli bhanti linoxanduva lokushiya idiphozithi kwezidumbu glacial ngohlobo lwamathafa angatyekiyo.
- Morine wangasemva: yile eveliswa sisilayidi somkhenkce. Zihlala zihlala kwiintlambo zeentaba kwaye intshukumo yazo eqinileyo ivela kwiindonga zentlambo apho ivalelwe khona. Le ntshukumo ibangela ukungcola kugcinwe emacaleni.
- Moraine ophakathi: lelinye lamacandelo omkhenkce afunyanwa kuphela kwii-alpine glaciers. Ukusekwa kwayo sisiphumo somanyano phakathi kwe-2 glaciers ezenza umlambo omnye womkhenkce.
- I-ablation moraine: Zizo ezizinziswe ebhedini yomkhenkce kwaye zidityaniswe ngezinto zecandelo lobuchule.
Icandelo leqhwa: isiphelo sendlela
Yindawo yokugqibela yomkhenkce kwaye yenziwe ngamazantsi ayo. Apha ukunyuka kubangelwa kukuqokelela kwaye kulapho iphela khona.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neendawo zomkhenkce.