INyanga yisathelayithi, ngoko ke ijikeleza uMhlaba kumgama ophakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-384.400, nangona umgama wokwenyani uhluka kumjikelezo wayo. Ukujikeleza kwenyanga kuthetha ukuba asinakububona ubuso obufihliweyo. Kwaye abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba yintoni na iintshukumo ezijikelezayo zenyanga kwaye yintoni isizathu sokuba ubuso bayo obufihliweyo bungabonakali nangona bujikeleza kunye noMhlaba.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela malunga nokunyakaza okujikelezayo kwenyanga, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Inyanga kuphela kwesathelayithi yendalo ejikeleza umhlaba, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-385.000 ukusuka emhlabeni. Yinyanga yesihlanu ngobukhulu kwisixokelelwano sezijikelezi-langa. Kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-28 zoMhlaba ukujikeleza iplanethi. (intshukumo yoguqulo) kwaye ujikeleze kube kanye (intshukumo yokujikeleza), ngoko ke umphezulu wenyanga uhlala ujongeka ngokufanayo ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Ngomnyaka ka 1609, i-Italian Galileo Galilei yakha iteleskopu yokuqala yamandla angamashumi amathandathu, awayisebenzisayo ukufumanisa iintaba kunye nemingxuma eNyangeni. Ukongezelela, waphawula ukuba iMilky Way yenziwe ziinkwenkwezi yaye yabona ezona nyanga zine zinkulu zeJupiter.
NgoJulayi 20, 1969, Usomajukujuku waseMelika uNeil Alden Armstrong waba ngumntu wokuqala ukuhamba enyangeni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abantu abalishumi elinesibini banyathele kumphezulu wenyanga kwiihambo ezahlukeneyo. NgoNovemba ka-2009, ukufunyanwa kwamanzi eNyangeni kwabhengezwa ngokusemthethweni emva kokusebenza kweNASA.
Imvelaphi kunye nokwakheka kweNyanga
Kukho iithiyori ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi ezichaza imvelaphi enokwenzeka yeNyanga. Ithiyori yamva nje ibizwa ngokuba yi "Big Impact Theory" kwaye ibeka loo nto yenziwa kwiminyaka eyi-4,5 yezigidi eyadlulayo ngenxa yontlitheko olukhulu phakathi koMhlaba kunye noMars (xa iprotoplanet yayikwinqanaba lokubunjwa kwayo).
Amaqhekeza ahlukeneyo omothuko abumba umzimba apho i-magma yawo yanyibilika ide ibe yikristale kwaye yenze uqweqwe lwenyanga. Inkwenkwezi igcina i-orbit ejikeleze uMhlaba, isebenza njengesathelayithi yendalo yoMhlaba.
Ezinye iithiyori eziqulunqwe kwiminyaka edlulileyo zezi:
- indalo yokubini: INyanga kunye noMhlaba zinemvelaphi ehambelanayo kwaye iinyanga zazisisiphumo sokudityaniswa kwamasuntswana amancinci kumawaka eminyaka.
- yokubambisa: Kukholelwa ukuba inyanga ekuqaleni yayiyiplanethi ezimeleyo, kwaye ngenxa yokujikeleza kwayo kunye nefuthe lomxhuzulane woMhlaba, isasebenza njengesathelayithi evaleleke kwi-orbit yomhlaba.
- Ukusuka kwi-fission: kuthetha ukuba inyanga yagqabhuka emhlabeni ngethuba lokuyilwa komhlaba yaza yaqina ngokuthe ngcembe yaba yisathelayithi yendalo. Le nkcazo-bungcali yacinywa ngenxa yomahluko ekubunjweni kwezinto ezimbini.
Iintshukumo ezijikelezayo zeNyanga
Ngexesha lokujikeleza kweNyanga emhlabeni, umgama phakathi kwezinto ezimbini zasesibhakabhakeni unokwahluka kakhulu. Kumgama omkhulu ukusuka eMhlabeni, Idayamitha ecacileyo yeNyanga imalunga ne-9/10 yedayamitha esibonisa yona kowona mgama umfutshane.. I-perigee kunye ne-apogee nazo azilungiswanga. Ngoko ke, ukubala ukuhamba kweNyanga kunzima. Kwakhona, iziphazamiso ezibangelwa ngumtsalane zidlala indima.
Umxhuzulane welanga, i-ikhweyitha yomhlaba kunye nezijikelezi-langa.
Ukujikeleza kweNyanga ejikeleze uMhlaba kubonisa i-ellipse kunye noMhlaba kwenye yefoci yawo. Umjikelo weNyanga uthambekele malunga ne-5º 9′ malunga ne-ecliptic. Ukudibana kwezi nqwelo-moya zimbini kwenza umgca onqumla i-orbit yeNyanga kwiindawo ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ezinyukayo nezihlayo. Umgca odibanisa iindawo ezimbini ubizwa ngokuba ngumgca we-node.
Ngokunxulumene nesakhelo sereferensi esisigxina (esifana nesakhelo sesalathiso esisecaleni), iNyanga ijikeleza uMhlaba ngeentsuku ezingama-27,3. Kwinkqubo eshukumayo efana noMhlaba, ixesha loguquko ziintsuku ezingama-29,5, ezihambelana nesithuba phakathi kwezigaba ezibini ezilinganayo. Ixesha lokujikeleza kweNyanga eMhlabeni, okanye inyanga yenyanga (ixesha eliqhelekileyo lelanga), inokubonwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- inyanga esecaleni: Ixesha lidlulile phakathi kweepaseji ezimbini ezilandelelanayo zeNyanga kwisangqa sexesha elisecaleni. Ubude bayo ziintsuku ezingama-27, iiyure ezisi-7, imizuzu engama-43 kunye nemizuzwana eyi-11,6, okanye malunga neentsuku ezingama-27,3. Ndikhumbula isangqa seyure njengesangqa esikhulu sengqukuva yesibhakabhaka esidlula kwimizimba yesibhakabhaka kunye neepali zesibhakabhaka. I-perpendicular kwi-ikhweyitha yasezulwini.
- Inyanga yesinodi: Ixesha lidlulile phakathi kwezigaba ezimbini zenyanga ezilinganayo. Ubude bayo ziintsuku ezingama-29, iiyure ezili-12, imizuzu engama-44 kunye nemizuzwana eyi-2,9, okanye malunga neentsuku ezingama-29,5. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yikhalenda yenyanga.
- inyanga yetropiki: Lixesha eligqithileyo phakathi kweendlela ezimbini ezilandelelanayo zeNyanga ngesangqa samanqaku e-Aries. Ixesha layo yayiziintsuku ezingama-27, iiyure ezisi-7, imizuzu engama-43 kunye nemizuzwana eyi-4,7.
- Inyanga yeAnomalistic: Lixesha eligqithileyo phakathi kweepaseji ezimbini ezilandelelanayo zeNyanga kwi-perigee, kunye nexesha leentsuku ezingama-27, iiyure eziyi-13, imizuzu eyi-18 kunye nemizuzwana engama-33,2.
- Inyanga yeDraconic: Lixesha eligqithileyo phakathi kothutho kabini olulandelelanayo lwe-orbital node enyukayo yeNyanga. Ithathe iintsuku ezingama-27, iiyure ezi-5, imizuzu emi-5 kunye nemizuzwana engama-35,8.
Ezi ntlobo zonke zeenyanga zenyanga. Ngokubhekiselele kwintshukumo yokujikeleza, kufuneka kuthiwe yintshukumo ehambelanayo kunye noguqulelo, oko kukuthi, ixesha elithathayo ukuba inyanga ijike kube kanye iyafana nexesha elithathayo ukujikeleza umhlaba. Oku kungenxa yokutsalwa komxhuzulane woMhlaba, nto leyo eye yacothisa isantya sokuqala sokujikeleza kweNyanga ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngoko ke, sihlala sibona ubuso obufanayo benyanga.
Kukho omnye umbutho obizwa ngokuba yinkululeko yenyanga. INyanga isoloko inobuso obufanayo noboMhlaba. Ngokutsho koku, I-50% yomphezulu weNyanga uhlala ubonakala eMhlabeni, kodwa ngenxa yoku ngcangcazela oku akuyonyani. Ezi ziingqimba ezicacileyo zommandla wakho, ezenziwe lutshintsho kwindawo yoMhlaba. Ngabo sinokubona ukuya kuthi ga kwi-59% yendawo yayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokunyakaza okujikelezayo kwenyanga kunye neempawu zayo.